Unit 4 Chemistry Summary Mindmap
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- Created on: 23-04-18 08:35
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- Unit 4
- Isomerism
- Stereoisomerism
- Molecules that have the same structural formula but the atoms have a different arrangement in space
- Geometric Isomerism
- 2 different groups attached to each carbon either side of the double bond.
- Optical Isomerism
- Non-superimposable mirror images of one another
- PPL- + enantiomers rotates PPL clockwise. - enantiomers rotate PPL anticlockwise
- Structural Isomerism
- Same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms
- Chain Isomerism
- Different arrangements of the carbon chain
- Position Isomerism
- Same carbon skeleton but the functional group occupy different positions
- Functional Group Isomerism
- Isomers that have the same molecular formula but have different functional groups
- Stereoisomerism
- Aromaticity
- Structure of Benzene
- Evidence for Delocalised Strucutre
- Reactions
- Nitration
- Chlorination
- Freidel's Craft
- Naming Aromatic Compounds
- Why does Benzene always undergo substitution reactions?
- Reactivity of Aromatic-Halogen Compounds
- Test
- Problems with Benzene
- Structure of Benzene
- Alcohols and Phenols
- Preparation of Alcohols
- Industrial Preparation
- From Halogenoalkanes
- From Carbonyls
- From Carboxylic Acids
- Reactions Of Alcohols
- Elimination
- With Hydrogen Halides
- Esterification
- Oxidation
- Forming Carbonyls
- Forming Carboxylic Acids
- Phenols
- Reactions
- With Strong Alkalis/Bases
- With Bromine
- With Acid Chlorides
- Test
- Benzene Ring with OH group attached
- Reactions
- Preparation of Alcohols
- Carboxylic Acids
- Contain COOH
- Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
- Test
- Preparation of Carboxylic Acid
- From Carbonyls
- From Amides
- Test for Ammonia
- From Nitrites
- Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
- Reduction
- Decarboxylation
- Esterification
- Forming Amides
- Amides to Nitriles
- Forming a Nitrile
- Nitriles to Amides
- Acid Chlorides
- Esterification
- Prep of Acid Chlorides from Carboxylic Acids
- Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
- Preparation
- Amines
- Basic due to lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen
- Forming Amines
- Aliphatic Amines from Halogenoalkanes
- Aliphatic Amines from Nitriles
- Aromatic Amines from Nitrobenzene
- Reactions of Amines
- With Acids
- With Water
- Ethanoylation
- Cold Nitric Acid
- Aliphatic Amines with HONO
- Aromatic Amines with HONO
- Aromatic Amines with Phenol
- Azodyes
- Why are they coloured?
- Nitriles
- Forming Nitriles
- Halogenoalkanes
- Carboxylic Acids
- Reactions of Nitriles
- Hydrolysis
- Reduction
- Forming Nitriles
- Amino Acids, Proteins and Peptides
- Carboxylic Acids with an NH2 group attached
- Zwitterion
- Peptides
- Proteins
- Structure of Proteins
- Instrumental Analysis
- Spectroscopy
- Mass Spectroscopy
- NMR
- IR
- Polymerisation
- Chromatography
- Spectroscopy
- Carbonyls
- Contains C=O
- Preparation of Carbonyls
- From Alcohols
- From Carboxylic Acids
- Reactions
- Reduction
- With HCN
- With 2,4-DNPH
- With Acidified Potassium Dichromate
- Tollen's Reagent
- Fehling's Solution
- Iodoform Test
- Isomerism
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