Unit 1
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- Unit 1
- The End of War
- Potsdam
- Attended by Britain, America and Russia
- The 4 D's were reaffirmed.
- Denazification - Nuremburg decided
- It was agreed that all munition factories would be destroyed.
- Terriotorial
- Disagreed on the amount of land and Ideologies
- Denazification
- Soviet Zone
- Former Nazis recieved the lowest ration cards.
- Intertinment camps were created - 43,000 German died.
- In 1947 a General Ammensty whereas released whereby anyone no matter their past could be seen as 'innocentt' if they helped to create a Socialist Society.
- They simply replaced Nazism with Marxist-Lennism.
- Former Nazis recieved the lowest ration cards.
- The West
- At first they felt that all Germans held collective guilt but then they looked at everyone as individuals - 131 Law
- Persil Certificates 1945 - Where you could get a testionomy from a priest or collegue to prove your innocence.
- Focused on re-education and reconstruction
- Textbooks were re-written.
- Former Nazis were used in Government and Uni administrations.
- Textbooks were re-written.
- At first they felt that all Germans held collective guilt but then they looked at everyone as individuals - 131 Law
- Issues
- A lot of Nazis were in hiding or escaped i.e Josef Mengle
- There were no replacements and were needed so society could function.
- Inconstiency across the four zones caused resentment amongst the citzens.
- There were no replacements and were needed so society could function.
- A lot of Nazis were in hiding or escaped i.e Josef Mengle
- Nuremburg trials.
- Allies were the judges.
- All former Nazis stated they were not Guilty.
- 7 death sentences including Goering.
- A lot of Germans felt detached.
- 7 death sentences including Goering.
- Soviet Zone
- Economic and Political developments.
- The East -Political
- Pieck and Ulbricht flown from Moscow in 1945 to ensure communism would be established at the end of the War.
- June 1945 - SMAD began work in Berlin.
- July 1945 -5 Lander established - Mayors Put in. SED officals were in charge of the police etc.
- June 1945 - SMAD began work in Berlin.
- The SED were the ruling Party.
- Pieck and Ulbricht flown from Moscow in 1945 to ensure communism would be established at the end of the War.
- The East -Economic.
- Whole industrial plants shipped to Russia.
- Industry was nationlised.
- By 1949 60% of Commerce and Factories were nationalised.
- Intial Aim - Take as much as possible.
- July 1945 - New system of centralised banking.
- The West - Economic
- First Level of Industry Plan - Reduced to 50-55% of the 1938 level.
- Second Level of Industry plan - Increase 70-75% of the 1938 level.
- Intial Aim - Eliminate Germany's war potential.
- Truman Doctrine - The last straw to contain Communism.
- Marshall Aid- Was offered to all Countries but Russia rejected this.
- 1947 - Bizonia was formed.
- Marshall Aid- Was offered to all Countries but Russia rejected this.
- First Level of Industry Plan - Reduced to 50-55% of the 1938 level.
- The East -Political
- Creation of the FRG and GDR.
- FRG
- 5% rule introduced - The Basic Law
- Creation was Low Key
- First Elections (1949)
- CDU//CSU -139 seats and the SPD had 131 seats.
- Adenauer = Chancellor
- CDU//CSU -139 seats and the SPD had 131 seats.
- First Elections (1949)
- Creation was Low Key
- 5% rule introduced - The Basic Law
- GDR
- Creation was with huge celebrations -New Communist State
- SED wrote the constiution.
- Elections delayed for a year to ensure SED support.
- SED wrote the constiution.
- Creation was with huge celebrations -New Communist State
- FRG
- Currency Reform.
- The West
- The Reichmark was worthless - Trading on the Black Market occured and work absences were high.
- The West introduced the Deutschmark . (20th June 1948.)
- 17th June 1948 - Trizonia forms.
- The West introduced the Deutschmark . (20th June 1948.)
- The Reichmark was worthless - Trading on the Black Market occured and work absences were high.
- The East
- A criminal offence to have possesion of the Deutschmark.
- Felt it broke the single economic unit agreement at Potsdam
- 23rd June 1945 - Introduce the Eastmark
- The West
- Berlin Blockade
- Soviet reaction to currency reform.
- Blocked all road access to Berlin.
- West had to take to the air to deliver supplies.
- 1.5 million tonnes of supplies was given and a plane landed every 3 mintues
- The airlift lasted from June 1948 - May 1949.
- West had to take to the air to deliver supplies.
- The War Legacy
- 1/4 of homes and 1/2 of schools destroyed
- 6.5 million German soilders died.
- Soviet soilders ***** Woman
- Towns were destroyed
- Reparation figure set at $20 billion
- Russia recieved the most
- By 1945 there were 4,000 new teaching assistants and traniee teachers.
- 520,000 Governemnt officals and those in industry had been dismissed from office by 1948
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