Tourism
- Created by: jwizz
- Created on: 01-06-16 14:24
View mindmap
- Tourism
- The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers
- reasons for global growth in tourism
- social and economic
- people wealthier so have larger disposable income, most families with 2 working parents
- smaller families are cheaper to take on holiday
- car ownership has grown
- more leisure time and longer holidays
- higher life expectancy, more retired with time to go on holiday
- Improvements in technology
- travel is quick and easy, motorways, air travel
- online booking
- Expansion of holiday choice
- 1970s onwards
- cheap package holidays
- Ecotourism and extreme tourism
- Over last 60 years
- social and economic
- The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism
- mountains
- scenery,
- activities
- walking and climbing
- skiing, snowboarding
- e.g. Alps, Rockies
- Coastal areas
- beaches and sea
- activities
- swimming, snorkelling
- fishing, water skiing
- e.g. Spain, Caribbean
- Cities
- culture
- museums, art galleries
- entertainment
- bars, restaurants, theatres
- shopping
- e.g.London, Paris, Rome, New York
- culture
- mountains
- The economic importance of tourism to countries in contrasting parts of the world
- helps the economy grow
- creates jobs
- increases income of businesses that support the tourism industry
- France - tourism generated 35bn euros in 2006 and 2 million jobs
- poorer countries are more dependeant on tourism
- UK tourism 3% GNP Kenya 15% GNP
- helps the economy grow
- reasons for global growth in tourism
- Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK
- LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK CASE STUDY
- contribution of tourism to the UK economy
- 2008 32 million overseas visitors to the UK
- London has half the visitors
- countryside, historic landmarks, churches, cathedrals, castles, palaces
- London has half the visitors
- 2007 £114bn to the economy 1.4 million jobs
- 2008 32 million overseas visitors to the UK
- impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK
- weather - wet summer
- world economy - recession means less go on holiday aborad
- Exchange rate
- if low it is cheaper to visit so more people come
- terrorism+conflict
- July 2005, tourism fell
- Major events
- Liverpool 08 capital of culture
- London 2012 olympics
- Butler model
- 1. exploration
- 2. Involvement
- 3. Development
- 4. consolidation
- 5. Stagnation
- 6. Rejuvenation or Decline
- facilities shut. decline. run down
- rejuvenated, more visitors new facilities
- negative impact on environment. less attractive. poor facilities
- 6. Rejuvenation or Decline
- big part of economy. numbers level off
- 5. Stagnation
- more come. control from locals to big companies
- 4. consolidation
- locals provide facilities to attract more visitors
- 3. Development
- small numbers attracted by scenery-no facilities
- 2. Involvement
- 1. exploration
- mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of long-term damage
- TROPICAL TOURIST AREA MASS TOURISM
- Tourism on a large scale to one country or region. This equates to the Development and Consolidation phases of the Butler tourists resort life-cycle model.
- The positive and negative effects of mass tourism on the economy and environment
- economy
- +
- money for local economy
- creates jobs
- increases income of industries that supply tourism
- -
- profit is kept by large travel companies not local economy
- +
- environment
- +
- income can be re-invested into the environment
- -
- transport for tourists releases greenhouse gases that cuase global warming
- tourists increase litter. increased sewage causes river polution
- can destroy natural habitat, damage coral reefs etc.
- +
- Social
- +
- more jobs= more young people going to stay in the area
- improved infrastructure benefits locals
- income can be re-invested into community projects
- -
- jobs are poorly paid and seasonal
- +
- economy
- strategies for maintaining the importance of tourism in the area and reducing its negative effects
- reduce negative impacts
- improve public transport
- reduces congestion and pollution
- limit visitors to sensitive environments
- reduces damage
- provide lot of bins
- reduces litter
- improve public transport
- importance of tourism maintained, keep them coming
- build new facilities and improve existing ones
- reduce negative tourist impacts that make the area less attractive
- advertise the area
- improve transport infrastructure
- offer new activities
- make it cheap to visit
- reduce negative impacts
- Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism
- the attraction of extreme environments to tourists
- ideal for adventure holiday activities
- different, exciting , new
- risk, danger, harsh conditions
- wildlife
- scenery
- the increased demand for adventure holidays
- improvements in transport links
- China - tibet railway
- more affordable as more disposable income
- more popular due to TV programmes and adverts
- improvements in transport links
- the impact of tourism on an extreme environment
- ecosystems are delicately balanced because it is so difficult for life to survive in the harsh conditions there. Tourists can upset this balance
- oil spills kill animals
- deforestation to provide fuel for trekers
- no toilets, ground used, rivers become polluted
- wildlife disturbed
- trample plants
- introduce new species and diseases
- ANTARCTICA EXTREME ENVIRONMENT CASE STUDY
- the attraction of extreme environments to tourists
- Sustainability requires the development of ecotourism
- GALAPAGOS ISLANDS ECO-TOURISM
- the need for stewardship and conservation
- Stewardship: the personal responsibility for looking after things, in this case the environment. No one should damage the present or future environment.
- conservation: The careful and planned use of resources in order to manage and maintain th enautral environment for future genertions.
- a consideration that this form of tourism can contribute to sustainable devlopment
- improves the quality of life for the people
- protects the environment for future generations, doesn't deplete resources
- build schools and health centres
- no damage to the environment
- small scale tourism that doesn't harm the environment and benefits the local people
- benefits
- for locals
- better stable incomes
- community projects funded by tourism e.g. schools, water tanks
- economic
- jobs
- helps economy gorw
- make money by selling local produce and crafts
- Environmental
- encouraged to conserve the environment
- reduces poaching and hunting, tourists want to see these animals
- renewable energy
- waste is carefully disposed of
- for locals
- The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers
Comments
No comments have yet been made