BIO - topic 6

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  • Created by: jlomas
  • Created on: 03-10-18 15:22
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  • DNA
    • Topic 6 - inheritance, variation, evolution
      • Structure + Protein Synthesis
        • Structure
          • Series of nucleotides
            • Sugar phospahte backbone + base
              • Four bases= A pairs w/ T, C w/ G
        • Protein Synthesis
          • Transcription
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          • Translation
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      • Mutations
        • Random change in base sequence of DNA
        • Can be inherited
        • Insertion= new base inserted in DNA
          • Deletion= random base deleted from DNA
          • Substitution= random base is changed to different base in DNA
        • Most have little/no effect
          • Some have dramatic effect, big impact on persons life
        • Mutation in non-coding DNA, alters how genes expressed
      • Reproduction
        • Sexual
          • Two parents, fusion of gametes
            • Mixing of chromosomes
              • Genetically different cells/offspring
        • Asexual
          • One parnet, no fusion of gametes
            • No mixing of chromosomes
              • Genetically identical cells/offspring
        • Pros/Cons
      • Inherited Disorders
        • Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
          • Carried on recessive allele
            • People with one allele for CF will just be carrier
              • Both parents must be carriers or have it to give it to offspring
          • Genetic disorder of cell membrane
            • Body produces lots of thick mucus in airways and pancreas
              • Very dangerous
        • Polydactyly
          • Carried on dominant allele
            • People can't be carriers, if you have one allele, you have it
              • Only one parent has to have it to pass it to offspring
          • Baby born with extra fingers/toes
            • Causes no further problems
      • Cell Division
        • Meiosis
        • Mitosis
    • Chemical, contains coded information
      • Found in nucleus, in chromosomes
        • Polymer, two strands in double helix
    • Gene codes for amino acids, for specific protein
      • Gene is small section of DNA
    • Genome is set of genetic material
      • Scientists mapped entire human genome
        • Allows to identify genes linked to diseases
          • Help understand diseases + develop tretment
            • Trace migrations of popultions
  • Mendel: (1822-1884)
    • Studied inheritance using pea plants
    • Ideas initially rejected
      • Couldn't explain the science behind his findings
      • Didn't communicate well, scientists didn't understand it
      • Not well known science journal, not many read it
    • Not until DNA structure was discovered that people started referring to his work
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  • Ideas initially rejected
    • Couldn't explain the science behind his findings
    • Didn't communicate well, scientists didn't understand it
    • Not well known science journal, not many read it

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