The Periodic Table (C3)
- Created by: charj1414
- Created on: 12-04-16 19:40
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- The Periodic Table (C3)
- History of The Periodic Table
- Elements could only be categorised by physical properties, chemical properties and their RAM.
- Due to no idea of electrons, protons. Elements were arranged in RAM order.
- Newland's Law of Octaves
- Mendeleev
- Left gaps that predicted new elements
- Ordered the elements in terms of RAM but left gaps for transition elements.
- When the predicted elements were discovered they fit in the gaps.
- Elements could only be categorised by physical properties, chemical properties and their RAM.
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Sub-atomic particle discovery meant the Periodic Table was arranged in terms of atomic number, an organised in groups.
- Now arranged using their electronic structure
- Further from the positive nucleus, the negative electrons have weaker attraction.
- Group 1 Elements (Alkali Metals)
- Melting and boiling points DECREASE
- LOW DENSITY. First three are less dense than water.
- Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium.
- Reactivity INCREASES as you go down
- Always form 1+ ions, outer electron more easily lost due to increased distance and shielding.
- REACT WITH WATER
- Lithium, Sodium and Potassium float on water and move and fizz.
- They produce hydrogen. They form hydroxides which dissolve in the water to make an ALKALINE solution.
- 2Na + 2H20 ---> 2NaOH + H2
- Group 7 Elements (Halogens)
- Reactivity DECREASES as it's harder to gain another electron due to increased distance.
- Melting and boiling points INCREASE.
- FLUORINE (gas)
- CHLORINE (gas)
- BROMINE (liquid)
- IODINE (vapour)
- IODINE (solid)
- BROMINE (liquid)
- CHLORINE (gas)
- A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one from it's salt solution.
- Transition Elements
- Usually have more than one ion
- Fe2+ is GREEN
- Fe3+ is BROWN
- Compounds are colourful due to the transition ion they contain
- Colours in pottery glazing and gemstones due to transition ions
- Potassium Chromate is YELLOW
- Potassium Manganese is PURPLE
- Copper sulfate is BLUE
- Colours in pottery glazing and gemstones due to transition ions
- Potassium Chromate is YELLOW
- Potassium Manganese is PURPLE
- Copper sulfate is BLUE
- Copper sulfate is BLUE
- Potassium Manganese is PURPLE
- Potassium Chromate is YELLOW
- Colours in pottery glazing and gemstones due to transition ions
- Copper sulfate is BLUE
- Potassium Manganese is PURPLE
- Potassium Chromate is YELLOW
- Colours in pottery glazing and gemstones due to transition ions
- Used for catalysts
- Nickel: For the hydrogen -ating alkenes for margarine
- Iron: Haber process
- Manganese Oxide: for decomposing hydrogen peroxide
- Usually have more than one ion
- History of The Periodic Table
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