The Current Account and the Balance of Payments

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  • The Current Account and Balance of Payments
    • Current Account
      • The income earned by a country and expenditure it makes in dealings with other countries.
      • Consists of for elements
        • Trade in goods
        • Trade in services
        • Income Flows
        • Current transfiers
    • Balance of trade in goods and services
      • Shows the flows of money coming in and going out of a country- result of trading
      • Trade in goods
        • Physical goods that a country trades
          • Goods exports
            • Goods exports are goods sold overseas bringing rev. into the country
          • Good imports
            • Goods imports are purchases made by a country of goods from other countries
      • Trade in services
        • Non-physical traded items
          • Banking
          • Insurance
          • Services exports
            • Services sold to foreigners bringing revenue into the country
          • Services imports
            • Expenditures of services bought from outside of the country.
    • Debits and Credits
      • Debits
        • Represent payments to countries where goods and services are imported from
      • Credits
        • Represent receipts from sales of exports
      • Balance = credits - debits
    • Income flows
      • 1. Add wages, salaries and other benefits received by a country's residents who are working abroad
        • Deduct wages, salaries and earnings of foreign nationals working in the country
      • 2. Add investment income earned by residents from overseas investment
        • e.g profits
        • Deduct investment income paid to overseas citizens with investment in the country.
    • Current Transfers
      • Transfers of money goods or services that are not a part of the trading process.
        • Sending presents or gifts
        • Donations to charities
        • Shows these 4 types of movements of money for trading and other current types of movement of money
  • Non-physical traded items
    • Banking
    • Insurance
    • Services exports
      • Services sold to foreigners bringing revenue into the country
    • Services imports
      • Expenditures of services bought from outside of the country.
  • Exports- lead to inflows of money
  • Imports- lead to outflows of money

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