the cognitive approach
- Created by: Aimee W x
- Created on: 03-10-21 14:26
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- the cognitive approach
- all human behaviour can be explained in terms of internal mental processes such as memory, attention, perception and thinking. these processes are private and cannot be observed so psychologists study them inderectly by making inferences.
- (1) the use of theoretical and computer models: one way to study internal processes is through theoretical models. one important model is the information processing approach.
- suggests information flows through the cognitive system in a sequence of stages that include input, storage and retrieval. one example is MSM.
- cognitive approach uses computer models where the mind is compared to a computer ("computer analogy") these models use concepts of a central processing unit, the concept of coding and the use of stores to hold information.
- suggests information flows through the cognitive system in a sequence of stages that include input, storage and retrieval. one example is MSM.
- (2) role of schema: mental frameworks of ideas and expectations developed through experience. theyaid the interpretation of incoming information by allowing us to process information more effectively.
- although they may act as a mental short cut to enable us to process information efficiently, they can also distort our interpretations
- (3) emergence of cognitive neuroscience: the scientific study of the biological structures and functions that underpin cognitive processes. advances in brain imaging techniques such as FMRI and PET scans have allowed scientists to systematically observe the neurological basis for metal processes.
- evaluations:
- strength that it is scientific: tehory focuses on observable and measurable behaviour which can be tested in controlled conditions. EG: lab experiments allowed researchers t infer cognitive processes and emergence of cognitive neuroscience has enabled biology and cognitive psychology to come together.(+) supported by empirical evidence.
- practical applications: approach led to development of cognitive behavioural therapy to treat a range of disorders. Evidence from March et al found CBT as effective as drugs in treating depression. (+) benefits real peoples lives.
- based on research that lacks ecological validity: evidence of processes based on artificial tasks which do not represent real life memory use. EG: random word or digit lists. (-) may be based on flawed evidence.
- criticised for being reductionist: reduces human behaviour down to level of a computer (machine reductionism). EG: EWT research found human memory can be affected by anxiety. (-) requires more holistic approach
- less determinist than other approaches: doesnt suggest our behaviour is caused by factors outside our control. EG: argues we are free to think before responding to stimulus. (+) approach founded on soft determinism - a middle ground between determinism and free will.
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