Structure and Bonding
- Created by: Epic Al
- Created on: 25-06-22 12:35
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- Structure and Bonding
- Atoms into Ions
- elements react to form compounds by gaining, losing or sharing electrons
- Ionic bonding
- Covalent bonding
- Ionic Bonding
- held together by strong forces of attraction
- Atoms either lose or gain electrons on their outer shell
- Giant Ionic Structures
- High Melting and Boiling points
- Will conduct electrons when molten or dissolved in water
- Covalent Bonding
- 2 Non-metal atoms
- Each shared pair of electrons is a covalent bond
- Most consist of simple molecules but some have giant covalent structures
- Simple molecules
- Low melting and boiling points
- weak forces bonding the atoms
- No overall charge
- do not conduct electricity
- Giant covalent structures
- High Melting and Boiling Points
- Carbon atoms in diamonds have a rigid structure
- Graphite is made of layers making it easy to slide over each other
- Can Conduct electricity and thermal energy because of delocalised electrons that can move around between the layers
- Fullerenes and Graphene
- Carbon forms cage like structures and tubes based on hexagonal rings
- Useful for transporting drugs to parts of the body
- Graphene is a single layer of graphite and is one atom thick
- good electrical conductivity
- Metallic bonding
- Closely packed together and arranged in regular layers
- Delocalised electrons can freely move around
- Giant metallic structures
- layers slide over each other
- Can be bent and shaped
- alloys are harder than pure metals
- distorted by atoms of different sizes
- delocalised electrons
- good electrical and thermal conductor
- layers slide over each other
- Nanoparticles
- Between 1 and 100 nanoparticles and size
- High surface area to to volume ratio
- means that smaller quantities of materials can be used such as catalysts
- new developments could hugely impact modern day life
- needs more research into possible environmental and health issues
- Atoms into Ions
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