Social influence - Obedience
- Created by: Mythical fox
- Created on: 20-04-17 14:41
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- Social influence - Obedience
- Definition (2 marks)
- individual acts in response to a direct order from a authority figure
- Milgram's study (1963 ) - 8 marks
- Participant asked to carry out unjust order
- Deceived to play teacher
- Give electric shocks (ordered by researcher)
- 15 volt increments
- Give to learner when answered wrong
- Continued to give until: refused/ reached 450 volts.
- Give electric shocks (ordered by researcher)
- Deceived to play teacher
- Debriefing occurred - after experiment
- Laboratory experiment
- 40 males
- all went up to 300 volts
- 65% went to 450 volts
- Responded to newspaper advertisement
- Yale university
- 40 males
- Experiment unethical
- Psychological harm
- Participants showed: Sweat,shake, seizures
- Dealt with by debriefing
- Actions = normal
- Participant asked to carry out unjust order
- Explanations for obedience (6 marks)
- Autonomous state (responsible for their actions)
- Shift to - Agentic state
- Not responsible
- Agents of others
- Shift to - Agentic state
- Legitimacy of authority
- Person given order seems to have right to do so
- Request from teacher
- Blass + Schmitt
- Students blame experimenter for harm of learner
- Milgrams study
- Students blame experimenter for harm of learner
- Person given order seems to have right to do so
- Autonomous state (responsible for their actions)
- Situational variables effecting obedience (8 marks)
- External
- Location
- where order is given
- Run down building = obedience rates dropped to 47.5%
- where order is given
- Unifrom
- Experimenter in everyday clothes = obedience rates dropped to 20%
- Proximtiy
- Distance between authority figure and person receiving order
- Milgram's study
- Same room
- obedience levels dropped to 40%
- forcing learners hand onto electroshock plate
- obedience levels dropped to 30%
- Given instructions by phone
- rates fell to 25.5%
- Same room
- Milgram's study
- Distance between authority figure and person receiving order
- Location
- Evaluation
- Personality factors = more important role
- Worked out it was fake/ didn't believe shocks were real
- Especially in different variations + extra manipulation
- Went along with it
- Worked out it was fake/ didn't believe shocks were real
- situational factors = less important
- Mandel criticised Milgram's study
- Gives an 'obedience alibi' - excuse for evil behaviour
- Mandel criticised Milgram's study
- Personality factors = more important role
- External
- Dis-positional explanation for obedience (6 marks)
- Suggests that: individuals personality characteristics explain obedience
- Authoritarian personality
- Particularly obedient
- Dismissive to inferiors = rigid views
- Strict upbringing
- Leads to hostility
- displaced onto others - inferior
- Measured using F-scale
- displaced onto others - inferior
- Leads to hostility
- Particularly obedient
- Authoritarian personality
- Evaluation
- Correlation between participants
- Particularly obedient + score high on f-scale
- F-scale = right wing based
- explanation = limited
- Doesn't explain obedience over whole political view
- Situatinal factors = more influence on obedience levels
- explanation = limited
- Correlation between participants
- Suggests that: individuals personality characteristics explain obedience
- Definition (2 marks)
- Agentic shift:
- Criticised
- Milgrams study
- Why did some refuse to continue?
- Why bad acts have been carried out?
- Despite not having orders/force
- Battalion 101
- Despite not having orders/force
- Milgrams study
- Criticised
- Orne + Holland argue in Milgram's study
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