Social Influence
- Created by: ellie0952
- Created on: 14-11-17 12:23
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- Social Influence
- Conformity - When someone gives into implicit pressure
- Compliance - Temporary behavior change to fit in
- Identification - Change of behavior to fit with a group as membership is desirable
- Internalization - Permanent behavior and belief change after being exposed to a group
- Explanations for conformity
- Normative social influence - Desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
- :) - Face validity, Asch :( - reductionist, can't explain non-conformity
- Informational social influence - Desire to be correct
- :) - Face validity, Asch :( - reductionist. can't explain non-conformity
- Normative social influence - Desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
- Asch
- 123 male university students put into groups with 7 - 9 confederates and were positioned to answer last. When the confederates gave obviously wrong answers 32% conformed on all wrong answers and 75% on at least 1.
- Lab experiment, androcentric, informed consent, deception
- 123 male university students put into groups with 7 - 9 confederates and were positioned to answer last. When the confederates gave obviously wrong answers 32% conformed on all wrong answers and 75% on at least 1.
- Obedience
- Explanations for obedience
- The agentic state
- Act as an agent for another persons will and passes on the consequences of their actions
- Legitimacy of authority
- To obey authority we must accept it's legitimate.
- :) - explains situational obedience, applicable during training exercises. :( - can't explain disobedience or why we obey strangers
- To obey authority we must accept it's legitimate.
- Authoritarian personality
- Adrono and Fromm
- Studies unconscious attitudes to other racial groups in 2,000 middle class white Americans. Those who scored highly had the authoritarian personality.
- Supported by Elms and Milgram. Non- applicable
- Adrono and Fromm
- Situational explanations for obedience
- Proximity
- Location
- Uniform
- High ecological validity, can't explain disobedience
- The agentic state
- Zimbardo
- 21 male university students were randomly allocated roles of 'guards' and 'prisoners'. It was intended to last for 2 weeks but was stopped after 6 days due to ethical issues. 4 participants left early due to emotional distress.
- Lab experiment, androcentric, didn't follow any ethical guidelines.
- 21 male university students were randomly allocated roles of 'guards' and 'prisoners'. It was intended to last for 2 weeks but was stopped after 6 days due to ethical issues. 4 participants left early due to emotional distress.
- Milgram
- 40 males (20-50) took part in 'learning' experiment. The teacher gave the confederates electric shock which increased in voltage for every wrong answer. 65% gave the highest voltage (450), all continued to 300 after given 'prods' by the instructor.
- Lab experiment, No informed consent, deception, caused participants psychological distress.
- 40 males (20-50) took part in 'learning' experiment. The teacher gave the confederates electric shock which increased in voltage for every wrong answer. 65% gave the highest voltage (450), all continued to 300 after given 'prods' by the instructor.
- Explanations for obedience
- Explanations for resistance to social influence
- Social Support
- Having an ally who also dissents is a strong source of defiance. The sooner a person dissents the higher their chance of rallying others
- :) - Ash and Milgram, face validity, applicable :( - depends on environmental factors, reductionist
- Locus of control
- A personality attribute which measure the degree to which people believe they are in control of their own lives
- Spector
- Gave LoC test to 157 university students but only used the scale of normative social influence
- Applicable followed ethical guidelines, Quasi experiment
- Gave LoC test to 157 university students but only used the scale of normative social influence
- :) - Rotter and Spector, face validity :( - reductionist, low ecological validity, lack mundane realism
- Social Support
- Majority influence
- Size of group
- Unamity
- Task difficulty
- Minority influence
- Consistency
- Committment
- Flexability
- Moscovicic
- 172 female participants in a 'colour perception' task. Groups of 6 with 2 confederates were shown slides with varying shades of Blue. Condition 1: confederates said all slides were green, participants agreed on 8.2% of trials. Condition 2: Confederates said 24/36 slides were green, participants agreed on 1.25% of trials.
- Lab experiment, geocentric, no informed consent, deception, groups were artificially created
- 172 female participants in a 'colour perception' task. Groups of 6 with 2 confederates were shown slides with varying shades of Blue. Condition 1: confederates said all slides were green, participants agreed on 8.2% of trials. Condition 2: Confederates said 24/36 slides were green, participants agreed on 1.25% of trials.
- Conformity - When someone gives into implicit pressure
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