Sex and gender - Gender
- Created by: Georgia
- Created on: 03-03-19 23:23
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- Sex and Gender
- Sex Biological; determined by hormones, chromosomes and physical differences
- Female - ** Male - XY
- Female - oestrogen Male - testosterone
- Female - Ovaries Male - Testes
- Gender Social and psychological; masculine, feminine or androgynous behaviour
- Research Rekers (1974) 3 year programme; 8 year old boy; extinguish feminine behaviours and replace with masculine behaviours
- Reinforcement and punishment; when 16, described as normal, gender appropriate boy
- (A) SLT, longitudinal (D) Highly unethical, case study (can't generalise); social desirability bias
- Reinforcement and punishment; when 16, described as normal, gender appropriate boy
- Research Rekers (1974) 3 year programme; 8 year old boy; extinguish feminine behaviours and replace with masculine behaviours
- Sex-role stereotype Shared expectations that people in a society or culture hold for what is considered acceptable behaviour for each sex
- Origins Parents, culture, society, media, education
- Males - aggressive, dominant, breadwinners Females - dependent, submissive, domestic, emotional
- Research Fagot (1979) 24 young children at home; girls reinforced when playing dress-up and asking for help; boys reinforced for playing with blocks
- Androgyny Equally displaying both masculine and feminine traits (Must display both)
- Bem Sex Role Inventory (1974) Judged how desirable characteristics are for each sex (20 each for masculine, feminine, neutral)
- Masculine, feminine, androgynous, un-differentiated
- American students in 1970s (lacks validity); Test-retest reliability (similar scores when tested a month later)
- Too simplified - reduces androgyny to a score, only looks at traits, should also look at gender identity and own interests
- Sex Biological; determined by hormones, chromosomes and physical differences
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