Second Reich
Where power lay and social + political problems in the 2nd Reich.
- Created by: Madeleine Banatvala
- Created on: 01-01-15 12:39
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- Second Reich
- Power/structure in the Second Reich 1900-1914
- Kaiser
- "There is only one ruler in the Reich and I am he"
- Erratic + unbalanced character.
- Extensive powers under the constitution = appoint + dismiss chancellors + state secretaries
- Limited grasp of politics, preferred social and ceremonial duites
- Erratic + unbalanced character.
- Extensive powers under the constitution = appoint + dismiss chancellors + state secretaries
- John Rohl
- argues: system of gov = based on imperial court + 'personal rule' of the Kaiser
- Elites
- Structuralist view emerged in 1970s --> rejected idea that Wilhelm II = chief influence.
- Hans Wehler
- Power vacuum developed after 1890
- Forces exerted influence over nation
- Officers in the army
- Diplomats
- Judiciary
- High-ranking civil servants
- Prussia's landowning and aristocratic Junkers
- Sought alliance = keep power = 'Sammlungspolitick'
- New elites
- Bankers
- Industrialists
- Buisnesses
- New elites
- Ignored middle class views
- Structuralist view emerged in 1970s --> rejected idea that Wilhelm II = chief influence.
- Mass Political movements
- Trade Unions
- David Blackbourn
- 'history from below'
- Non-Prussian regions
- Catholic church
- Agrarian pressure groups
- Mittelstand
- Shift emphasis = Germany many regions + cultures + political views
- Diversity + growth of political activity = political leaders had to respond to public opinion
- Kaiser
- Social + political problems in1900-1918
- Social
- Urbanisation = mass migration (UMM)
- 1971 = 36.1% 1910 = 60%
- Lack of housing
- Outbreak of disease
- Gov response = improved medical practices + new sewerage systems
- 1913: 400,000 strikers
- 1900-1914: 1 in 3 workers = underemployed
- Lack of accommodation = still a problem
- Food production = down
- 1/2 million foreign nationals working for G = eve of WW1
- Nationalism
- Lebensraum
- Pan German League
- Anti-Semitism
- Social Darwinism
- Reforms
- 1900: accident insurance
- Urbanisation = mass migration (UMM)
- Political
- Foreign Policy under Bismark = 'Realpolitik' = subtle diplomacy
- Weltpolitik "world policy"
- Adopted in 1890
- Bulow 1897: "we demand our own place in the sun"
- Bulow's policies = military happy + national pride
- Tensions over WP
- 1904: German South West Africa Revolt
- 1911: population fell: 80,000 to 15,000
- 1904: German South West Africa Revolt
- 1907 'Hottentot' elections
- Criticism to Gov --> African policies
- SPD/Centre alliance = to stop colonial development
- 1906 SPD + Centre Party vote against Gov's colonial plans
- Naval expansion
- Social
- Power/structure in the Second Reich 1900-1914
- Social + political problems in1900-1918
- Social
- Urbanisation = mass migration (UMM)
- 1971 = 36.1% 1910 = 60%
- Lack of housing
- Outbreak of disease
- Gov response = improved medical practices + new sewerage systems
- 1913: 400,000 strikers
- 1900-1914: 1 in 3 workers = underemployed
- Lack of accommodation = still a problem
- Food production = down
- 1/2 million foreign nationals working for G = eve of WW1
- Nationalism
- Lebensraum
- Pan German League
- Anti-Semitism
- Social Darwinism
- Reforms
- 1900: accident insurance
- Urbanisation = mass migration (UMM)
- Political
- Foreign Policy under Bismark = 'Realpolitik' = subtle diplomacy
- Weltpolitik "world policy"
- Adopted in 1890
- Bulow 1897: "we demand our own place in the sun"
- Bulow's policies = military happy + national pride
- Tensions over WP
- 1904: German South West Africa Revolt
- 1911: population fell: 80,000 to 15,000
- 1904: German South West Africa Revolt
- 1907 'Hottentot' elections
- Criticism to Gov --> African policies
- SPD/Centre alliance = to stop colonial development
- 1906 SPD + Centre Party vote against Gov's colonial plans
- Naval expansion
- Social
- Development of Bulow Bloc
- Conservatives
- National Liberals
- Development of Bulow Bloc
- Conservatives
- Development of Bulow Bloc
- Anti-semites
- Progressives
- 1911: Imperial insurance code
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