Schizophrenia
- Created by: albiequels
- Created on: 30-11-16 20:05
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- Schizophrenia
- Classification
- No single defining characteristic
- World Health Organisation'sICD-10
- American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5
- One positive symptom must be present for diagnosis
- Positive Symptoms
- Hallucinations
- Unusual sensory experiences
- Can be related to events in the environment or completely separate
- Can be experienced in relation to any sense
- Delusions
- Common delusions involve being an important historical, political or religious figure
- Commonly involved being persecuted
- Can lead to aggression
- Can make sense to the sufferer but seem bizarre to others
- Hallucinations
- Negative Symptoms
- Avolition
- Difficulties to begin/keep up with goal-directed activity
- Reduced motivation to carry out a range of activities
- Andreason (1982)
- Poor Hygiene & Grooming
- Lack of persistence in work/ education
- Lack of Energy
- Speech Poverty
- Reduction in the amount & quality of speech
- Some sufferers may have delayed responses during conversations
- Could be disorganised speech (incoherent/ change of subject)
- Avolition
- Evaluation
- Reliabilty
- Inter-rater reliabilty
- Extent to which different assessors agree on their assessments
- Cheniaux et al. (2009)
- Two psychiatrists diagnosed 100 patients using DSM-5 and ICD-10
- Poor inter-rater reliabilty
- One Psychiatrist = 26 had SZ (DSM), 44 had SZ (ICD)
- Other Psychiatrist = 13 had SZ (DSM), 24 had SZ (ICD)
- Two psychiatrists diagnosed 100 patients using DSM-5 and ICD-10
- Inter-rater reliabilty
- Validity
- Criterion Validity
- Do different assessment systems arrive at the same diagnosis for the same patient?
- Over diagnosed with ICD or under diagnosed in DSM
- Criterion Validity
- Co-morbidity + Symptom Overlap
- Two or more conditions that occur together
- Buckley et al. (2009)
- Half patients diagnosed with SZ have other mental disorders
- Depression (50%), Substance Abuse (47%), PTSD (29%), OCD (23%)
- Weaknesses in classification (could be a different disorder)
- Half patients diagnosed with SZ have other mental disorders
- Gender Bias
- Longenecker et al. (2010)
- reviewed studies of the prevalence of SZ (concluded that since the 80s, men have been diagnosed with SZ more than women)
- Cotton et al. (2009)
- Female patients function better than men (more likely to work & have good family relationships)
- Women's symptoms are masked by their interpersonal functioning skills
- Female patients function better than men (more likely to work & have good family relationships)
- Longenecker et al. (2010)
- Cultural Bias
- Black people more likekly to be diagnosed with SZ
- Hearing voices is culturally acceptable in some African cultures
- Black people more likekly to be diagnosed with SZ
- Reliabilty
- Classification
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