Russian Revolution 1917 factors
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 18-01-20 14:10
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- Russian Revolution 1917
- WW1
- 1914 Munitions Crisis
- Everyone thought the war would be short, hence no effort was made to increase Russia's production of weapons.
- Ended up having to buy weapons from Britain and America, and in many of these contracts the deadlines weren't met.
- Became a political and economic crisis; People felt the government couldn't handle a war properly.
- Government set up a Special Commitee for State defence to control armaments production and build new factories.
- By 1916, the supply of munitions had improved considerably, but political damage was already done, and it was assumed that the catastrophic loses of 1915 were the results of the Tsarist regieme's incompetance and mismanagement.
- Government set up a Special Commitee for State defence to control armaments production and build new factories.
- Became a political and economic crisis; People felt the government couldn't handle a war properly.
- Ended up having to buy weapons from Britain and America, and in many of these contracts the deadlines weren't met.
- Everyone thought the war would be short, hence no effort was made to increase Russia's production of weapons.
- Transport
- The already limited transport around Russia was put on huge strain, especially the railway.
- The military was given prority of using the transport. Hence, trains carrying food supplies were often seriously delayed so sometimes the food would rott before getting to it's destination.
- Led to wartime food shortages and hence rising foos prices.
- The military was given prority of using the transport. Hence, trains carrying food supplies were often seriously delayed so sometimes the food would rott before getting to it's destination.
- The already limited transport around Russia was put on huge strain, especially the railway.
- Inflation
- Became a serious problem as the war went on, the main problem behind it being rising food prices.
- There were 3 main reaons for the prices alarmingly increasing:
- 1) Grain production fell during the war, mainly because some important food- producing areas were occupied by the Germans.
- 2) Hoarding of grain by the peasantry. Normally they sold their grain to buy consumer goods, but due to inflation they refused to buy expensive consumer goods, so kept their grain.
- 3) Hold-ups on the railway system due to the military disrupted foos supplies to towns.
- There were 3 main reaons for the prices alarmingly increasing:
- Became a serious problem as the war went on, the main problem behind it being rising food prices.
- 1914 Munitions Crisis
- The Tsar and Tsarina
- Tsarina Alexandra
- When Nicholas went 500 miles away from St Petersburg to join the war effort, the Tsarina was left in control of domestic affairs.
- Russia was fighting a war against Germany, where the Tsarina was from, which began rumours that she was working against Russia.
- Highly influenced by Rasputin, who's reputation was one promiscuity and being claiming to be a holy man, even though he had no connection to the Orthodox Church.
- People of Russia began to believe that this unmoral person had control over the Tsar and Tsarina, so was effectivly ruling Russia, caused public outrage.
- When Nicholas went 500 miles away from St Petersburg to join the war effort, the Tsarina was left in control of domestic affairs.
- Had very little military experience, so it was a poor decision to make himself commander-in-cheif in September 1915
- Even though his military commanders were still the ones who made the decisions, being commander-in-cheif meant that he was the one who the Russian people would blame for any failures.
- Hence, he was directly responsible for the high numbers of war casualties and battle losses.
- Even though his military commanders were still the ones who made the decisions, being commander-in-cheif meant that he was the one who the Russian people would blame for any failures.
- The Tsar did very little to help war casualties, which gave him a lot of criticism.
- The middle class Russians began to organise volentary action, namely the Zemstvo Union.
- They provided medical care for wounded soliders, operated field canteens, assisted refugees and dug war graves.
- In 1915 the Zemstvo Union joined with the Union of Towns to diversify into making war essentials like uniforms, boots, pharmaceuticals and even munitions, joining with the Zemgor to do so.
- Their total war time production was small, no more than 5%, but the initiative it showed compared to the lacking government departments was a stark differance, putting the state to shame.
- In 1915 the Zemstvo Union joined with the Union of Towns to diversify into making war essentials like uniforms, boots, pharmaceuticals and even munitions, joining with the Zemgor to do so.
- They provided medical care for wounded soliders, operated field canteens, assisted refugees and dug war graves.
- The middle class Russians began to organise volentary action, namely the Zemstvo Union.
- Tsarina Alexandra
- Social Unrest
- Towns
- Rate of Inflation accelerated as the war went on, with wages failing to keep up.
- Rising food prices were mainly to blame for the state of the situation, but there were other unseemly prices too.
- Rent for wokers houses trippled, and in the winter 1916-17 fuel for domestic heating was scarce and expensive.
- In 1916 3/4 of a million working days were lost due to strikes in Petrograd alone. Strikes began calling for an end to the war and removal of the Tsar
- Rent for wokers houses trippled, and in the winter 1916-17 fuel for domestic heating was scarce and expensive.
- Rising food prices were mainly to blame for the state of the situation, but there were other unseemly prices too.
- Rate of Inflation accelerated as the war went on, with wages failing to keep up.
- Countryside
- Inflation was an issue, but other issues were more prevolent in the countryside.
- They lacked a highly developed sense of Russian identity - far away from the big cities
- The loss- of able bodied men to the army meant most farmwork had to be done by women, children and the elderly - extra work load was resented.
- Army took horses from farms thinking it was going to be a calvary war, meaning peasants could't plough fields properly - less food produced.
- Soldiers wives were payed an allowance vy the state when their husbands were at war, but due to inflation it wasn't anywhere near enough. 50 peasant women turned to looting local shops.
- Inflation was an issue, but other issues were more prevolent in the countryside.
- International Woman's day and Petrograd general stike
- In early 1917, Petrograd was seething with discontent.
- In Januray, nearly 1/2 of the cities workers came out on strike on the anniversary of the events of Bloody Sunday (1905). Petrograds biggest factory was at a stand-still in Febuary.
- The day after the closure of the factory it was international woman's day and so social activists encouraged workers in Petrograd to celebrate it by holding anti-government celebrations.
- The women of Petrograd needed little convincing after all their greivances of the domestic effects of the war.
- Their actions led to 5 days of disorderm which saw the Tsarist regieme lose control of it's captial city, with the Tscar 500 miles away.
- The women of Petrograd needed little convincing after all their greivances of the domestic effects of the war.
- The day after the closure of the factory it was international woman's day and so social activists encouraged workers in Petrograd to celebrate it by holding anti-government celebrations.
- In Januray, nearly 1/2 of the cities workers came out on strike on the anniversary of the events of Bloody Sunday (1905). Petrograds biggest factory was at a stand-still in Febuary.
- In early 1917, Petrograd was seething with discontent.
- Towns
- The Army
- When the Regieme lost control of Petrograd, the army was sent in to sort them out.
- However, the workers they were sent in to stop were their families and friends they had left at home when they went to war.
- Hence, they refused to act against them, and actully switched sides to join the protests.
- In the 1905 revolution, the Tscar had the military behind him, but this time he was without them.
- Hence, they refused to act against them, and actully switched sides to join the protests.
- However, the workers they were sent in to stop were their families and friends they had left at home when they went to war.
- When the Regieme lost control of Petrograd, the army was sent in to sort them out.
- WW1
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