Reproduction
- Created by: Abc312
- Created on: 24-04-18 16:21
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- Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
- Requires genetic information from a mother and father organism
- This creates offspring that are genetically different to the parents.
- The mother and father produce gametes in meiosis
- This makes the egg and sperm cells in animals
- Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes than of a normal cell.
- The gametes in plants are eggs but their sperm in known as pollen.
- This makes the egg and sperm cells in animals
- The gametes produced fuse (fertilisation) to form a cell with the full number of chromosomes
- The offspring inherits features from both parents.
- This is what causes variation.
- The offspring inherits features from both parents.
- Advantages
- It produces variation in the offspring.
- Variation increases the chance of surviving a change in the environment
- Humans can speed up natural selection using selective breeding.
- This can be used for things such as speeding up food production.
- Requires genetic information from a mother and father organism
- Asexual reproduction
- There is only one parent involved.
- This happens by mitosis.
- Which means the new cell has exactly the same genetic information.
- It is called a clone
- Which means the new cell has exactly the same genetic information.
- Bacteria, some plants and some animals reproduce asexually.
- Advantages
- Only needs one parent
- It is more time and energy efficient
- Organisms don't need to find a mate.
- It is faster than sexual reproduction
- Many identical offspring can be produced in favourable conditions.
- Organisms that reproduce by both methods
- Malaria
- It is carried by mosquitoes and when it bites a human the parasite can be transferred.
- The malaria parasite reproduces sexually when it is in the mosquito
- The malaria parasite reproduces asexually in the human host.
- Fungi
- Fungi produce spores which can become new spores when they land in a suitable place.
- They can be produced sexually
- This creates variation in the fungi so often happens in response to an unfavourable change in the environment.
- They can be produced asexually.
- This creates fungi that are identical to the parent.
- They can be produced sexually
- Fungi produce spores which can become new spores when they land in a suitable place.
- Plants
- Most plants make seeds sexually but some do it asexually.
- Strawberry plants produce runners.
- These are horizontal stems that grow on the surface of the soil away from the plant.
- At points along the runner a new strawberry plant forms.
- The strawberry plant is identical to the original.
- At points along the runner a new strawberry plant forms.
- These are horizontal stems that grow on the surface of the soil away from the plant.
- Plant bulbs can divide to form new bulbs.
- These new bulbs can grow into a new plant.
- Malaria
- Sexual reproduction
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