Relationships
- Created by: Melissawong
- Created on: 12-02-21 14:17
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- Relationships
- Filter theory
- Field of availables to field of desirables
- 1. Social demography
- Demographics are features that describe populations; social demographics - location and social class
- More encounters who are close and share same features with each other
- Demographics are features that describe populations; social demographics - location and social class
- 2. Similarities in attitudes
- Important to couples who have been together less than 18 months
- Agreeing on basic values - better communication and self disclosure
- law of attraction
- Byrne - similarities in attitudes causes mutual attraction
- Important to couples who have been together less than 18 months
- Complimentarity
- partners meet each other's needs - later on in relationship
- Social exchange theory
- satisfaction is judged by profits
- Rewards - cost = satisfaction
- Comparison Level is judgement of reward level expected in relationship
- Normally high
- Comparison level for alternatives is addition level of measure - depends on current relationship
- 4 stages of relationship
- 1. Sampling
- 2. Bargaining
- 3. Commitment
- 4. Institutionalisation
- Assumes all relationships are exchanged based
- satisfaction is judged by profits
- Rusbult's model
- An extension of SET
- Satisfaction level and CLalt and investment determine commitment
- Investments
- Intrinsic - resources directly into relationship - money etc
- Extrinsic - investments that didn't feature in the relationship
- Commitment = satisfaction + alternatives + investment
- Self-disclosure
- important in early relationships - how much intimate information is revealed to another person
- Too much or little self-disclosure may impact relationship further
- Social penetration theory
- Self disclosure is a gradual process of revealing information which leads to development in relationship.
- Breadth is narrow at start of relationship.
- Depth increases as the relationship develops
- Self disclosure is a gradual process of revealing information which leads to development in relationship.
- Real life applications and support from research studies
- Can't be applied to all cultures
- Self-disclosure linked to relationship breakdown
- important in early relationships - how much intimate information is revealed to another person
- Duck's phase model
- Relationship breakdown
- 3. Social phase
- 2. Dyadic Phase
- 4. Grave-dressing phase
- 1. Intra-psychic phase
- Model is incomplete
- help people reverse process
- focuses on individualist cultures
- Physical attractiveness
- importance of physical attractiveness
- Symmetry
- Baby face
- Halo effect - physical attractiveness is generalised - Dion
- Research support for halo effect
- Matching hypothesis
- Walster et al
- We choose a partner whose attractiveness matches ours and choosing a partner is a compromise
- Mixed support for matching hypothesis
- Not everyone considers physical attractiveness important
- there is cultural consistency in what is considered attractive
- importance of physical attractiveness
- Virtual relationships
- Self-disclosure
- self disclosure is different in face-to-face relationships and online
- CMC - more disclosure - Walther
- CMC - less disclosure - Sproull and Kiesler
- Absence of gating
- CMC allows relationship to start without 'gates'
- Self-disclosure
- Sexual selection and human behaviour
- Anisogamy - differences between male and female sex cells
- Mating strategies
- Inter-sexual selection
- Selection of mates between sexes
- female strategy - quality over quantity and to seek a male who will prove healthy offspring and support them with resources
- Selection of mates between sexes
- Intra-sexual selection
- selection of mates within sexes
- male strategy - quantity over quality and males will do best to reproduce as frequently as possible
- selection of mates within sexes
- Ignores social and cultural influences
- Supports waist-hip ratio
- Anisogamy - differences between male and female sex cells
- Equity theory
- Suggests equity where partner's level of profit should be the same
- Underbenefitting or overbenefitting may lead to dissatisfaction
- Inequity impacts negatively on relationships
- Should be addressed at times
- Strength = research support
- equity theory may not be valid in all cultures / relationships
- individual differences
- Filter theory
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