Rebellion in Henry VII's Reign

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  • Rebellion in Henry VII's Reign
    • Pretender: Warbeck
      • Continuous threats from 1490 to 1499.
      • Claimed to be Richard, Duke of York.
        • Who was thought to be dead.
      • Interpretation: S.B Chimes - 'Warbeck's survival in Ireland in 1491 was not an accident. Plan of Margaret and Charles VIII of France.'
      • Gained support from Margaret of Burgundy after the Treat of Étaples was signed, which forced Warbeck to move to Flanders.
        • Additional support from Holy Roman Emperor, Maximillian, who saw Warbeck as Richard IV.
      • One supporter of Warbeck was Sir William Stanley.
        • Who was Lord Chamberlin of the King's Household.
          • This was significant because Warbeck had gained the support of individuals who were close to the King, which could be seen as dangerous.
      • Welcomed to Scotland by James IV.
        • James IV offered his cousin to Warbeck in marriage.
          • This marriage was abandoned when Henry VI offered his daughter to James if he didn't give his cousin to Warbeck.
        • Provided Warbeck with 15000 troops.
          • However, previous failures meant that it was difficult for Warbeck to gain support.
      • Defeated by Local Militia.
        • Warbeck was weak.
        • 1495
      • Put in the tower in 1498.
        • Executed in 1499.
    • Pretender: Simnel
      • Pretended to be the Earl of Warwick.
      • Crowned himself Edward VI in Oxford.
        • Gained support from Margaret of Burgundy.
          • Sent a force of 2000.
      • Began in 1486.
        • Henry was not aware until 1487.
      • Failed to gain support because before were fed up of war.
      • Earl of Lincoln joined the rebels.
      • Henry overcame this by parading the real Earl of Warwick around London.
        • Henry offered the rebels a pardon.
    • Cornish Rebellion
      • 1497
      • Henry needed money to fund the war against Scotland.
        • Charged extra taxes to the Cornish.
          • The Cornish didn't want to pay these taxes.
            • They didn't see how issues with Scotland concerned them.
      • Gained 15000 supporters.
      • Rebels were against Henry's 'evil councillors', not the King himself.
        • e.g. Morton and Bray.
      • To overcome this Henry gathered 25000 men.
        • The rebellion was defeated in the same year.
    • Yorkshire Rebellion
      • 1489
      • Main cause: Henry charging Yorkshire taxes to defect Brittany from France.
        • This annoyed people in Yorkshire because France was not their issue.
        • Yorkshire was more concerned about the Scottish boarder.
        • The Earl of Northumberland was killed when trying to collect these taxes.
      • in 1488 Yorkshire has a bad harvest.
        • They couldn't afford additional taxes.
          • On top of the taxes which they were paying to defend themselves against Scotland.
      • Parliament granted Henry a subsidy of £100 000.
        • Very little of this was actually raised from taxes.
      • Led by Sir John Egremont.
        • An illegitimate member of the Percy family.
          • The most powerful family in England.
            • Argued that they even had more influence than the King himself.
      • Royal enforcement was weak in the North.
        • Because of how rural it was.
          • Earl of Surrey appointed to control the North.
            • However, he was more interested in impressing Henry than he was concerned about the North.
    • Lovell Conspiracy
      • 1586
      • Henry was away on royal progress in the North.
        • Yorkist support was strong in the North.
          • Henry was trying to gain support from Yorkists from the start of his reign.
      • This threat occurred at the start of Henry VII's reign.
        • To overcome this threat, Henry sent a force to offer the rebels either a choice of pardon and reconciliation or excommunication and death.
      • Led by Francis Lovell and the Stafford brothers (Thomas and Humprey)
        • Attracted ver little support.
          • People didn't want to commit treason.
        • Lovell fled to Flanders.
        • Thomas Stafford was pardoned and remained loyal to Henry.
        • Humphrey Stafford was executed.
      • Main cause: dynastic.
        • Wanted to restore the House of York.
      • Main aim: overthrow Henry VII.

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