Psychodynamic Approach
- Created by: piperfitzgerald
- Created on: 04-04-19 13:20
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- Psychodynamic Approach
- Role of the unconscious
- Freud suggested our conscious mind is the 'ti p of the iceberg'.
- Most of our mind is made up of the unconscious
- A storage of biological drives and instincts that have a significant influence on behavior and personality
- Also contains threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed or locked away and forgotten
- Can be accessed during dreams or 'slip of the tongue'.
- Under the unconscious is the preconscious which contains thoughts and memories which aren't in conscious awarenesses but can be accessed.
- Structure of the personality
- id
- Primative part of the personality
- Operates on the pleasure principle - id gets what it wants
- Mass of unconscious drives and instincts
- Only present at birth
- Entirely selfish and demands instant gratification of its needs
- ego
- Reality principle - mediator between the two parts of the personality
- Develops around the age of two years and its role is to reduce the conflict between the desmans of the id and the superego.
- Employs defence mechanisms to manage the id and superego
- superego
- Formed at the end of the phallic stage - around the age of five
- Our internalized sense of right and wrong
- Based on morality principle - represents the moral standards of the child's same-sex parent and punishes the ego for wrongdoing (guilt)
- id
- Psychosexual stages
- Phallic (3-5 years)
- Focus of pleasure if the genital area - child experiences Oedipus or Electra complex
- Phallic personality - Narcassitic maybe homosexual
- Focus of pleasure if the genital area - child experiences Oedipus or Electra complex
- Anal (1-3 years)
- Focus of pleasure is the anus. Child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faces
- Anal retentive - perfectionist + obsessive
- Anal expulsive - thoughtless + messy
- Focus of pleasure is the anus. Child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faces
- Latency
- Earlier conflicts are repressed
- Oral (0-1 years)
- Focus of pleasure is the mouth - mothers breast is desirable object
- Oral fixation - smoking, sarcastic
- Focus of pleasure is the mouth - mothers breast is desirable object
- Genital
- Sexual desires become conscious alongside onset of puberty
- Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
- Sexual desires become conscious alongside onset of puberty
- Phallic (3-5 years)
- Evaluation
- Explanatory power
- Controversial and bizzare but it has a huge influence on psychology and Western thought
- Psychodynamic remained the dominant force in psychology for the first half of the 20th century
- Significant in drawing attention to the connection between experiences in childhood and development in childhood
- Psychodynamic remained the dominant force in psychology for the first half of the 20th century
- Controversial and bizzare but it has a huge influence on psychology and Western thought
- Case study
- Freud's theory was based on intensive study of individuals
- Little Hans - Freud's observation was detailed and carefully recorded.
- Critics suggest its not possible to make universal claims about human nature based on studies of a small amount of individuals
- Highly subjective and it is unlikely in the case of Little Hans
- Critics suggest its not possible to make universal claims about human nature based on studies of a small amount of individuals
- Little Hans - Freud's observation was detailed and carefully recorded.
- Freud's theory was based on intensive study of individuals
- Concepts
- Carl Popper argued that the psychodynamic approach does not meet the scientific criteria
- Untitled
- Carl Popper argued that the psychodynamic approach does not meet the scientific criteria
- Explanatory power
- Role of the unconscious
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