Protocols
- Created by: miacampbell31
- Created on: 22-03-22 12:00
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- Protocols
- Communications Protocol
- Standard set of rules used to ensure the proper transfer of data between devices.
- Devices may differ in transmission speeds/ character sets/ error detecting methods/ security levels.
- Enables different devices to communicate using the same rules/ standards.
- Devices may differ in transmission speeds/ character sets/ error detecting methods/ security levels.
- Protocols exist that specify the format of the data, and the signals to start, control and end the transfer.
- Many current protocols have been specified by the United Nations Communicate committee, the ITU.
- Enables different devices to communicate using the same rules/ standards.
- Standard set of rules used to ensure the proper transfer of data between devices.
- Open Systems Interconnection
- Enables manufacturers to design equipment and software for a particular layer.
- Consists of an abstract model of networking and a set of specific protocols.
- Has 7 layers and each layer deals with a specific functionality.
- Consists of an abstract model of networking and a set of specific protocols.
- Application Layer
- - Presents information/ data to the end user.
- - Deals with functions such as data transfer
- - Messaging
- - distributed databases
- - operating system functions
- - end user interface
- Interacts with the presentation layer.
- Presentation Layer
- - presents data for the application layer.
- - defines how 2 devices should encode, encrypt and compress data so it can be recieve correctly on the other end.
- - takes any data transmitted by the application layer and prepares it for transmission over the session layer.
- Session Layer
- - creates communication channels, called sessions between devices.
- - responsible for opening sessions, ensuring they remain open which data is being transferred and closing them when communication ends.
- - also can set checkpoints during data transfer. If the session is interrupted, devices can resume data transfer from the last checkpoint.
- Transport Layer
- - takes data transferred in the sessions layer and breaks it into "segments" on the transmitting end.
- - responsible for reassembling the segments on the receiving end, turing it back into data that can be used by the session layer.
- - transport layer carries out flow control, sending data at a rate that matches the connection speed of the recieving device, and error control, checking if the data was recieved incorrectly and if not, requesting it again.
- - takes data transferred in the sessions layer and breaks it into "segments" on the transmitting end.
- Network Layer
- - breaking up segments into network packets, and reassembling the packets on the recieving end.
- - routing packets by discovering the best path across a physical network.
- - the network layer uses network addresses (typically IP) to route packets to a destination node.
- Data Link Layer
- - deals with functions such as error detection and error correction.
- - creating and synchronising data blocks.
- - converting each outgoing packet into a series of bits.
- - interacts with the Network/ Physical layers.
- - converting each outgoing packet into a series of bits.
- - creating and synchronising data blocks.
- - deals with functions such as error detection and error correction.
- Physical Layer
- - responsible for the physical cable or wireless connection between network nodes.
- - defines the connector, the electrical cable or wireless technology connecting the devices.
- - responsible for the transmission of the raw data, which is simply a series of 0s and 1s, while taking care of bit rate control.
- - defines the connector, the electrical cable or wireless technology connecting the devices.
- - responsible for the physical cable or wireless connection between network nodes.
- Enables manufacturers to design equipment and software for a particular layer.
- Communications Protocol
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