Periodic table
- Created by: Natasha Bokhari
- Created on: 10-12-19 18:47
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- Separating Mixtures
- Revision of Chemistry
- Periodic Table
- Alchemists thought that they could turn base elements into gold.
- John Dalton was an english scientist who recognised that different elements were different types of atoms
- Dobreiner found that some elements came in groups of 3 with similar chemical properties.
- Newland was an english chemist who was working in a sugar factory
- Newland was the reason for the law of octaves elements arranged in term of reactions and atomic mass
- Reactivity of elements and electrons
- Noble gases are very unreactive
- In the periodic table the row/period the element is in is how many electron shells it has.
- When atoms react chemically they do so to get a full outer shell of electrons.
- Metals normally lose electrons to get a full outer shell.
- Group 7 halogens
- They are more reactive at the top of the group and less reactive at the end of the group.
- Halogen means salt makers and they are reactive non metals.
- All halogen elements consist of 2 atoms.
- They are more reactive at the top of the group and less reactive at the end of the group.
- Ionic bonding
- An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
- In ionic bonding atoms lose or gain electrons to form positively or negatively charged atoms.
- All the elements in group 1 have one electron in their outer shell and those in group 2 have two electrons. They lose electrons to get a full outer shell and stabilise as an ion.
- Group one and Group two elements are metals and they lose electrons to form cations.
- On the other side of the periodic table the elements group 6 have sic electrons in their outer shell and those in group 7 have seven electrons. They need to gain electrons in order to get a full outer shell and stabilise as an ion.
- Group 6 and Group 7 elements are non-metals and they gain electrons to form anions.
- Covalent Bonding
- Atoms of some elements can form several covalent bonds.
- They have low melting and boiling points.
- Do not conduct electricity as molecules have no overall charge so cannot carry an electrical charge.
- Periodic Table
- Solution-a mixture of the solvent and solute
- How to make pure salt
- 1) Get a mixture of salt and sand
- 2) Add this mixture to water.
- 3) Make sure you have enough water to dissolve the salt
- The sand will not dissolve as it is insoluble
- 4) Now you will need a flask, filter paper and a filter to filter out the sand.
- 5) Evaporate the filtrated mixture on top of a bunsen burner.
- 6) Once you can see no water left in the flask then remove the flask from the tripod and you will have pure salt
- 5) Evaporate the filtrated mixture on top of a bunsen burner.
- 3) Make sure you have enough water to dissolve the salt
- 2) Add this mixture to water.
- 1) Get a mixture of salt and sand
- How to make pure salt
- Solvent-a liquid that dissolves in water.
- Insoluble-this is what you call a substance that doesn't dissolve.
- Solute-the minor component in a solution that dissolves in a liquid like salt in water
- Soluble-when something dissolves
- Saturated solution- a saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent
- Revision of Chemistry
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