Pilgrimage of Grace
- Created by: Eleanor
- Created on: 02-06-16 18:23
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- Pilgrimage of Grace
- Causes
- Political
- Possibly in response to the changes in local government etc. under Henry VII
- Others see it as the result of the growth of the gentry and their intervention
- Dissolution of monastaries, 1536
- In Lincolnshire, these three commissions were at work. This is where the rebellion started
- Inspections of the clergy
- In Lincolnshire, these three commissions were at work. This is where the rebellion started
- Collecting 1534 taxes
- In Lincolnshire, these three commissions were at work. This is where the rebellion started
- Inspections of the clergy
- In Lincolnshire, these three commissions were at work. This is where the rebellion started
- Dissolution of monastaries, 1536
- Dr Raynes, Bishop of Lincoln's Chancellor was brutally beaten to death
- Lord Hussey had links to the Aragonese faction
- Economic
- Had been poor harvest in 1535 and a fairly weak one in 1536 (didn't make up for previous year)
- Economic grievances were listed in Pontefract Articles
- e.g. for 1st Fruits and 10ths to be discharged, unless clergy wanted to pay them to the Crown
- Religious
- The Break with Rome and subsequent move towards Protestantism was very unpopular
- Pontefract Articles show that religion was important
- Adopting the banner of the Five Wounds of Christ shows the rebels' religious grievances
- It's name- Pilgrimage of Grace- shows it had a religious motive
- The religious changes led to considerable changes in the community
- People were unwhappy about the:
- Dissolution of smaller monasteries (since 1536)
- Government interrvention
- Religious reform - lots of people were conservative
- People were unwhappy about the:
- Lots of the clergy encouraged the rebellion
- Most people relied on the monasteries for support
- Social
- Pontefract Articles talk about enclosures to be pulled down
- Social
- 11 of 24 Pontefract Articles were about religion
- The Break with Rome and subsequent move towards Protestantism was very unpopular
- Social
- Pontefract Articles talk about enclosures to be pulled down
- Political
- How serious?
- Even if it didn't challenge Henry directly it could still be very serious
- If it forced Henry to change his policies and dismiss advisers, it would make him unable to control his kingdom
- Pontefract Articles were largely religious and political
- e.g. against Cromwell for 'undermining the good laws of this realm and for maintaining heretics'
- Also wanted traditional customs to be restored
- Evidence of pre-planning in Lincolnshire and East Riding
- Some grievances were shared between the classes
- E.g. restoration of traditional liberties for Palatinate of Durham
- People were untied by: 1) future of Church 2) future of Cromwell
- Some argument that it was actually a political conspiracy by disgruntled nobility trying to assert their authority
- E.g.. Lord Hussey fostered unrest in Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk's lands
- Also possible that it was about 'high politics'. I may have been led by Aragonese faction
- Their main aims were: to restore Mary and destroy Cromwell
- Hussey had alliance with Darcy. Hussey had been Mary's CHamberlain until his dismissal THey encouraged Mary to refuse to accept royal supremacy
- THey hoped to use the rebellion to encourage Henry to dmiss Cromwell and reserve his policy
- 30,000 men
- Although many of nobility were anti-Cromwell, the scale of the rebellion meant that it could never be successful. Unlike the 1525 Amicable Grant
- Henry did slow his religious reforms in 1539- is this related?
- Henry was able to strengthen his control of the north because those that were involved were harshly punished
- Even if it didn't challenge Henry directly it could still be very serious
- Role of the gentry
- Robert Aske was part of the lesser gentry as a lawyer
- But, lots of the Lincolnshire gentry only knew about the rebellion when they were asked to swear the rebel oath with by their tenants etc.
- Concerns against Cromwell etc, seem to show gentry's concerns for court politics
- The level of organisation and widespread communication suggests high level leadership
- Lots of gentry claimed to have been coerced later on
- There is evidence that they only joined to try and control the commons
- But once they were involved, they used it to address their own grievances
- There is evidence that they only joined to try and control the commons
- Lots of gentry claimed to have been coerced later on
- Gentry drew up the Lincolnshire Articles
- Nicholas Leche said that gentry singled out Cromwell and Richard Rich for criticism
- In Yorkshire etc, the major nobility were aloof. Held out with Earl of Cumberland at Skipton Caste
- Social deference and natural hierarchy made it easy for gentry to take the lead
- Therefore, it could be directed at the government and personal ambition
- How spontaneous was the PoG?
- Dissolution of monasteries confirmed peoples' fears that the government would do away with their traditional religious customs
- Some see the rebellion as a spontaneous backlash. Yeomen and traders resented the changes in local government etc.
- Not a coincidence that the rebellion began in Lincolnshire, where there were 3 commissioners working
- Causes
- How spontaneous was the PoG?
- Dissolution of monasteries confirmed peoples' fears that the government would do away with their traditional religious customs
- Some see the rebellion as a spontaneous backlash. Yeomen and traders resented the changes in local government etc.
- Not a coincidence that the rebellion began in Lincolnshire, where there were 3 commissioners working
- Also possible that it was about 'high politics'. I may have been led by Aragonese faction
- Their main aims were: to restore Mary and destroy Cromwell
- Hussey had alliance with Darcy. Hussey had been Mary's CHamberlain until his dismissal THey encouraged Mary to refuse to accept royal supremacy
- THey hoped to use the rebellion to encourage Henry to dmiss Cromwell and reserve his policy
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