the persecution of minorities

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  • persecution of minorities
    • who where persecuted
      • gypsies, Jews, Black people, disabled people, mentally handicapped,homosexuals, alcoholics
        • they were a threat to the superior Aryan race
      • in families where there were hereditary illnesses people were sterilised.
        • from 1934-1945, 300,000 men and women were sterilised
      • at least 5000 severely mentally handicapped babies and children were killed between 1939 to 1945 (by injection or starvation)
      • from 1939-1941 72,000 mentally ill patients were gassed
        • there was a public outcry, including members of the catholic church.
      • 5 out of 6 gypsies were killed in 1939
    • Hitler and the Jews
      • jews were persecuted because they had well paying professional jobs or big businesses
      • Hitlers years in Vienna caused him to obsess over the fact that jews ran successful business.
        • he blamed jewish bankers and businesses for the defeat in ww1, he believed that they had forced germans to surrender.
      • in 1933, jews were banned from the civil service, and public services like broadcasting and teaching
      • the SA and ** troopers boycotted jewish shops and all shops were marked with the star of David
      • in 1935 the Nuremberg Laws took away the Jews Germany citizenship
        • Jews couldn't marry or have sex with an Aryan German.
      • Goebbels made lots of ant-jewish propaganda aimed at children and families.
      • jews would be denied jobs and jewish children were segregated in schools
    • kristallnacht
      • November 1938
      • a young Jew killed a german diplomat in Paris
      • the nazis used the killing as an excuse to launch a violent campaign against Jews
      • Plain clothed ** troopers were given pick axes and hammers and the dresses of Jewish businesses. they smashed them up
      • 91 jews were killed
      • hundreds of synagogues were burnt
      • 20,000 jews were sent to concentrationcamps
      • thousands of Jews left Germany
      • nazi controlled press said it was a spontaneous reaction of the normal german.
        • most germans did not believe this
    • the ghettos
      • after defeating Poland (1939) the Nazis set about 'Germanising' western Poland.
        • they removed poles from their homes and replaced them with germans. Polish jews were rounded up and transported to major cities were they would be put in ghettos
      • these were sealed off areas within cities
      • Able bodied Jews were used for slave labour. the young, old and women were left to starve and die.
    • mass murder
      • 1941 Germany invaded the U**R
      • this gave them 3 million Jews their response was to carry out mass shooting sprees
      • this was done by a special group  in the **, the einsatzgruppen
    • the death camps
      • January 1942, at the Wannsee conference the nazi leaders discussed the final solution
      • Himmler was put in charge
      • slave labour and death camps were built at Auschwitz, Treblinka, Chelmno and other places
      • the old, sick and young were killed straight away, able bodied were used as slave labour.
      • some were used for science experiments
      • 6 million jews were killed in these camps
      • 500,000 european gypsies and political prisoners were also killed.
    • resistance
      • 'Gad Beck' lead the jewish resistance in Berlin, he was captured in April 1945.
      • in 1945 the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto rose up against the nazis and resisted for 4 weeks
      • Oskar Schindler (factory owner) protected and saved many jews
    • was the final solution planned from the start?
      • hitler never signed any documents, and he never mad anything clear in his speeches.
      • who else was to blame as well as Hitler?
        • the civil service
          • they collected and stored information about Jews
        • police forces in Germany and occupied lands
          • they took the Jews away, not always the gestapo and **
        • **
          • Adolf Eichmann built a transport system to get the jews to the camps, he was also uncharge of looting the possessions of the Jews
        • the German Army
          • it was fully aware of what was going on
        • Industry
          • companies such as Volkswagen and Mercedes had their own Slave labour camps IG Farben made the Cyclon B gas that was used in the chambers
        • the German people
          • many closed their eyes to the full reality of what was going on

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