Particles and Radiation
- Created by: Sagaana
- Created on: 06-11-18 11:46
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- PARTCLES AND RADIATION
- Matter and Radiation
- The structure of an atom
- In every atom there is a proton neutron and electron
- Isotopes have the number of protons and elctrons but has a different number of neutron
- Specific Charge= Charge/Mass
- Stable and Unstable nuclei
- Strong Nuclear force is the force that holds the nuclei of a stable isotope
- ?
- Alpha Decay-it consists of alpha particle which compromises of two proton and two neutrons
- Beta Decay-it consist of fast moving electrons
- Beta Minus decay- happens when there is too many neutron.
- Beta Plus Decay- It happens when there is too many protons
- Photon
- Photon theory was established by Einstein . it is a short burst of waves.A packet of EM waves.
- Particle and Antiparticles
- it is antiparticle that has the same rest mass but has equal and opposite charge to the corresponding particle
- When a particle and antiparticle meet they annihilate
- anti-atoms?
- Particle interactions
- interactions is the process of particles interacting with each other
- There are 6 main interactions:
- electromagnetic force in between the two protons
- neutron neutrino interactions
- proton- anti-neutrino interaction
- beta minus decay
- beta plus decay
- electron capture
- exchange particles - they are also know as force carries they are virtual particle that mediates the interactions
- The structure of an atom
- Quarks and leptons
- The particle zoo
- finding new particles ?
- predict particles?
- Strange Particle?
- Particle sorting
- we classify particles into two groups hadrons and Leptons
- Hadrons are particles and antiparticles that can interact through strong interactions They can interact with all four fundamental forces but when they are charged they interact through strong and electromagnetic
- protons, neutrons,Pi meson K meson
- Leptons are particles and antiparticles that do not interact through strong interactions .They interact through weak interactions gravitational and electromagnetic interaction if charged .
- Electrons muons neutrino
- Leptons at work
- lepton are seen as elementary particles as when they interact with each other they create hadrons
- Electron neutrinos are made from beta decay and Muon neutrinos are made from muon decays
- leptons numbers allow us to see if the interactions between a hadron and a lepton is possible .It see is leptons have been conserved in the interaction
- Quarks and anti quarks
- it is a subatomic particle that has a non zero value for strangeness
- Quark is a subatomic particle that combine to make hadrons. They have charge and mass.
- In a beta plus decay the up quark turns into a down quark for a beta minus decay the down quark becomes a up quark.
- there are no anti meson because they are made up of quark and antiquark.
- conservation rules
- conservation of energy
- conservation of Charge
- conservation of leptons numbers
- conservation of Baryon numbers
- Conservation of Strangeness
- strangeness is not conserved for weak interaction forces
- what is never conserved?
- The particle zoo
- Quantum phenomena
- The photoelectric effect
- It is electron being emitted from the surface of a metal when electromagnetic radiation above threshold frequency is directed at the metal.
- the photon theory of light was put forward by Einstein in 1905 to explain the photoelectric effect he assumed that light is composed of wave packets
- Einstein photon model was revolutionary as it solved how light can act like particles.It also fitted planks theory of vibrating atoms making energy quantised is a new way to think about energy.
- Quantum is a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents.
- collisions of electrons with atoms
- the process of creating ions is called ionisation
- Untitled
- The photoelectric effect
- Matter and Radiation
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