P1 - The Earth in the Universe
- Created by: eloisa_braith
- Created on: 09-05-15 10:03
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- P1 - The Earth in the Universe
- Solar System
- Stars
- Give out lots of light
- Planets
- Reflect sunlight falling on them
- Formed from big clouds of dust & gas
- Sun
- Cloud got squeezed tightly
- Gravity took over
- Clouds collapsed in on themselves
- Formed a protostar
- Fusion started
- Formed a protostar
- Clouds collapsed in on themselves
- Gravity took over
- Cloud got squeezed tightly
- Planets
- Hydrogen, helium & heavy elements clumped together
- Sun
- Sun
- Cloud got squeezed tightly
- Gravity took over
- Clouds collapsed in on themselves
- Formed a protostar
- Fusion started
- Formed a protostar
- Clouds collapsed in on themselves
- Gravity took over
- Cloud got squeezed tightly
- Stars' energy comes from fusion of hydrogen nuclei
- Planets
- Hydrogen, helium & heavy elements clumped together
- Asteroids
- Smallish lumps of rubble & rock
- Comets
- Balls of rock, dust & ice
- Lightyear
- Distance of light traveling through a vacuum (space)
- Light travels at 300,000km/s
- Distance of light traveling through a vacuum (space)
- Stars
- Looking into space
- Parallax
- Something appears to move when looking at it from a different angle
- Stars further away appear to move less
- Something appears to move when looking at it from a different angle
- Earth's atmosphere absorbs lots of light from space before it reaches us
- Light pollution makes it hard to see dim objects
- Light pollution = light thrown upwards (eg. street lamps)
- Parallax
- Life of the universe
- Redshift
- Galaxies move away from us
- Wavelength of light from it changes
- Light becomes redder
- Wavelength of light from it changes
- The greater the redshift the faster it's moving away
- The more distant the galaxy, the faster it moves away from us
- Proves the universe is expanding
- Proves the universe is expanding
- The more distant the galaxy, the faster it moves away from us
- Galaxies move away from us
- Big Bang Theory
- Matter & energy compressed
- Exploded & expanded
- Matter & energy compressed
- Redshift
- The changing Earth
- Rocks
- When lava from volcanoes sets, it forms new rocks
- 'Rock Cycle'
- Particles erode from existing rocks
- Washed into sea & settle as sediment
- Sediments get crushed to form sedimentaryrocks
- Pushed to the surface
- Descend into heat & pressure inside the Earth
- Heated & crushed
- Can be melted
- Heated & crushed
- Sediments get crushed to form sedimentaryrocks
- Washed into sea & settle as sediment
- Particles erode from existing rocks
- Rocks
- Continental Drift
- Millions of years ago there was 1 'supercontinent'
- Broke into small chunks - our continents
- Slowly drifting apart
- Broke into small chunks - our continents
- Sea Floor Spreading
- Magma rises up through sea floor, solidifies & forms underwater mountains
- Liquid magma erupts out of the gap
- Iron particles in the rock align with the Earth's magnetic field
- As it cools they set in position
- Iron particles in the rock align with the Earth's magnetic field
- Liquid magma erupts out of the gap
- Magma rises up through sea floor, solidifies & forms underwater mountains
- Millions of years ago there was 1 'supercontinent'
- Earth's Structure
- Continental crust -> oceanic crust -> mantle -> core
- Crust & upper mantle are cracked into tectonic plates
- Convection currents in mantle cause d by heating in core & matle
- Cause tectonic plates to drift
- If the plates move suddenly there is an earthquake
- Volcanoes are formed where plates meet
- Mountains are formed when plates crash
- Cause tectonic plates to drift
- Convection currents in mantle cause d by heating in core & matle
- Crust & upper mantle are cracked into tectonic plates
- Crust & upper mantle are cracked into tectonic plates
- Convection currents in mantle cause d by heating in core & matle
- Cause tectonic plates to drift
- If the plates move suddenly there is an earthquake
- Volcanoes are formed where plates meet
- Mountains are formed when plates crash
- Cause tectonic plates to drift
- Convection currents in mantle cause d by heating in core & matle
- Continental crust -> oceanic crust -> mantle -> core
- Waves
- Seismic Waves
- P-Waves
- Travel through solids & liquids
- Faster than A-Waves
- S-Waves
- Travel through solids
- Slower than P-Waves
- P-Waves
- Amplitude = distance from rest position to peak/trough
- Wavelength = length of a full cycle (eg. crest to crest)
- Wavespeed = Freq. x Wavelength
- Frequency = no. complete waves passing a point per second (Hz)
- Transverse
- Vibrations at 90 degrees to direction of travel
- Longitudinal
- Vibrations in same direction as wave is traveling
- Longitudinal
- Vibrations in same direction as wave is traveling
- Seismic Waves
- Solar System
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