Organic chemistry
- Created by: SabihaHalim
- Created on: 16-10-20 08:59
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- Organic Chemistry
- Crude oil and Hydrocarbons
- Crude oil is found in rocks. Crude oils is a finite resource
- Crude oil is found in petrol, petroleum jelly
- Crude oil is formed over millions of years from the remains of plankton buried in mud
- Crude oil is a mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons are only made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
- Scientists call hydrocarbons like methane and ethane alkanes
- Alkanes have the general formula:
- If we know the number of carbon atoms in the alkane(n), we can calculate the number of hydrogen atoms
- To do that we multiply the number of carbon atoms by 2 and add 2
- Scientists say that alkanes are saturated molecules because the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms
- Need to memorize the structures of methane, ethane, propane and butane
- Scientists say that alkanes are saturated molecules because the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms
- To do that we multiply the number of carbon atoms by 2 and add 2
- If we know the number of carbon atoms in the alkane(n), we can calculate the number of hydrogen atoms
- Alkanes have the general formula:
- Crude oil is found in rocks. Crude oils is a finite resource
- Properties of Hydrocarbons
- Viscosity tells the thickness of a fluid
- Long chain Hydrocarbons are extremely viscous
- Flammability tells us how easily a hydrocarbon combusts (burns)
- Short chain hydrocarbons are extremely flammable
- As the size of the hydrocarbon molecules increase, the molecules get less flammable
- The boiling point is the temp at which a liquid turns to a gas
- Short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points
- Very long hydrocarbons have very high boiling points
- As the size of the hydrocarbon molecules increase the boiling point increases
- Short chain hydrocarbons have low boiling points
- Viscosity tells the thickness of a fluid
- Combustion of Hydrocarbons
- Ships, planes and cars all run on hydro carbon fuels
- Hydrocarbon fuels release energy when combusted (burned)
- During combustion the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the fuel react with oxygen. The carbon and hydrogen are oxidized
- If the oxygen is unlimited this reaction produces carbon dioxide and water
- Scientists call this complete combustion
- How to balance equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons
- Scientists call this complete combustion
- If the oxygen is unlimited this reaction produces carbon dioxide and water
- Crude oil and Hydrocarbons
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