Crude oil and fuels

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  • Crude oil and fuels
    • Hydrocarbons
      • Crude oil
        • a finite resource found in rocks
        • conditions to make it are high pressure and temperature
        • must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points
          • called Fractions
          • Fractional Distillation
      • Alkanes
        • most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes
        • = saturated hydrocarbons
        • CH4 - methane
        • C3H6 - propane
        • C2H6 - ethane
        • C4H10 - butane
        • all the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
        • They do NOT react with bromine water
    • Fractional distillation of oil
      • some hydrocarbons only have a few chains of carbon atoms
        • they make good fuels as they heat easily and burn well
          • very flammable
      • fractional distillation
        • crude oil being separated into hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
        • each fraction boils as a different temp range because of the different sizes of molecules.
        • Video clip :
    • Cracking hydrocarbons
      • the process of breaking down larger, less useful hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones is CRACKING
      • takes place in an oil refinery
      • the hydrocarbons are cracked as thermal decomposition takes place.
      • include double covalent bonds
      • alkenes
        • an alkENE means that the molecules are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
        • they burn in the air
        • react with bromine water
        • a positive test for alkenes is the orange bromine water should turn colourless
    • Burning hydrocarbon fuels

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