Organic Chemistry
Teacher recommended
?- Created by: RevisingBird
- Created on: 17-03-18 18:20
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- Organic Chemistry
- Crude Oil and Hydrocarbons
- Crude Oil
- Mostly made of hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons
- Chemical containing carbon and hydrogen
- Most are alkenes
- CnH2n
- Bromine water -colourless
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- During combustion
- Smokier orange yellow flame
- Incomplete
- Less energy per mole than alkane
- Double bonds
- Can undergo more reactions
- Hydrocarbons
- Made of chemicals
- Mostly made of hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons
- Chemical containing carbon and hydrogen
- Most are alkenes
- CnH2n
- Bromine water -colourless
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- During combustion
- Smokier orange yellow flame
- Incomplete
- Less energy per mole than alkane
- Double bonds
- Can undergo more reactions
- Crude Oil
- Alcohols
- Fermentation of Alcohol
- Glucose --> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
- CnH2n+1OH
- Hydration of Ethene
- Ethene + Water --> Ethanol
- Fermentation of Alcohol
- Carboxylic Acids
- CnH2n+1 COOH
- Except for methanoic acid HCOOH
- Used in esters
- React with carbonates to form...
- salt
- water
- carbon dioxide
- Strong acids completely ionise in water
- Weak acids partially ionise in water
- Ethanoic acid is weaker than hydrochloric acid
- Equilibrium when ethanoic acid partially ionises in water
- Equilibrium when ethanoic acid partially ionises in water
- CnH2n+1 COOH
- Esters
- Made of carboxylic acid and alcohol
- Polymers
- Monomers - small repeating molecule
- Polymers - made up of many monomers
- Additional polymerisation
- Needs a double bond
- These bonds broken when monomers repeat and add together
- Needs a double bond
- Shorthand formula example
- Thermo - softening
- Chains easy to seperate
- Weak intermolecular forces
- When cooling forces pull molecules together
- Can be remoulded when heated
- Thermosetting
- Strong covalent bonds
- Chains fixed together
- Burns when heated strongly
- Can change shape + softness by temperature
- Strong covalent bonds
- LDPE
- Low density side branches
- Prevents tight packing
- Weak intermolecular forces
- 200ºC - high pressure
- Weak structure
- Low melting point
- Low density side branches
- HDPE
- High density chains
- Allows tight packing
- Strong intermolecular forces
- Low pressure (+catalyst 60ºC)
- Strong structure
- High melting points
- High density chains
- Condensation polymerisation
- Releases molecule as monomers come together
- Often water
- Amino acids connects between...
- Amino group
- Carboxylic acid group
- Forms a peptide bond between N and C
- DNA
- Natural polymer
- Releases molecule as monomers come together
- Crude Oil and Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- CnH2n+2
- No double bonds
- Fractional Distillation
- Fractions that burn well can be used as fuels
- Other fractions can be used as the starting materials
- Fractional Distillation Diagram Quiz
- Properties
- Viscosity gets higher
- Thick, sticky fluid
- Flammability gets lower
- Viscosity gets higher
- Saturated
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