Organic
- Created by: CelesteAndrew
- Created on: 28-02-18 19:29
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- Organic
- Alkanes
- Boiling points:
- increases as they get more carbon atoms in their formula.
- the more atoms there are the greater the intermolecular van der Waals' forces
- greater intermolecular forces= more energy requireed to separate the molecules
- the more energy required, the higher the boiling point.
- straight chains have higher surface areas giving greater molecular interaction.
- branched molecules are more compact and have less intermolecular attraction
- the lower the intermolecular forces, the lower the boiling poin
- branched molecules are more compact and have less intermolecular attraction
- free radicals
- reactive species (atoms or groups) possessing an unpaired electron
- formed during the reaction between chlorine and methane
- formed during thermal cracking
- formed by homolytic fission (homolysis) of covalent bonds.
- Homolytic fission: the breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals.
- A single bond is made up of a sigma bond. this has a direct overlap of orbitals.
- Boiling points:
- Alkenes
- Alkenes are unsaturated meaning they have an opportunity to create more bonds from the double bond.
- A double bond is made up of a sigma bond and a pi bond
- A pi bond overalps above and below the plane and has less electron density and the electrons are more exposed.
- Electrophilic addition is the name of the mechanism for the addition reaction for alkenes to form a saturated compound.
- electrophile: an atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron-rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons.
- Nucleophile: an atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron-deficient carbon atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
- Structural isomer: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
- Alkanes
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