OCD
- Created by: Ellie504
- Created on: 19-05-16 20:50
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- Biological Approach (Genetic
- Genotype for OCD, then Phenotype later in life.
- Pauls et al (1995) - OCD incidence much higher if family member with OCD.
- Rasmussen and Tsang (1986) - Concordance rate of 7-% in MZ twins.
- Seems to run in families.
- OCD
- Behavioural Theory
- Focus on explaining compulsions.
- Obsessions are mental processes an cannot be empirically understood.
- Mowrer's two process theory can be used - CC and OC
- CC explains how anxiety becomes associated with another stimulus.
- Compulsion caused by OC, notices by chance the reduction of axniety they feel after performing a certain task.
- This anxiety is a form of negative reinforcement
- Compulsion caused by OC, notices by chance the reduction of axniety they feel after performing a certain task.
- CC explains how anxiety becomes associated with another stimulus.
- Rachman and Hodgson - exposing to obsessive thoughts increasings anxiety, performing compulsions reduce anxiety.
- Superstition Hypothesis - chance behaviour paired with a reinforcer.
- Evaluations
- Can explain cause and maintenance.
- Led to succesful treatments
- Systematic Desensitisat-ion - Wolpe
- 1. Relaxation
- 2. Gradual exposure - hierarchy of fear.
- 3. Counter conditioning
- Evaluations
- Quick, clearly measurable and effective - 75%
- Ethical issues, too simplistic, may not work in real life?
- Systematic Desensitisat-ion - Wolpe
- Cannot explain the obsession as well.
- Focus on explaining compulsions.
- PsychD Approach
- Anal fixiation due to inappropriate toilet training.
- Dominant ID = Obsessive thoughts
- Dominant Super-ego = obsessive behaviour
- Evaluations
- Difficult to scientifically test the unconscious mind
- Therapiies are not particulalry effective
- D.A + F.A
- Based on case study - hard to generalise
- Salzman (1995) - OCD is as a result of repressed trauma.
- Good contribution from Freud
- Behavioural Theory
- Cognitive Approach
- Cognitive Bias - Hypervigilant attention system.
- Rachman (1997) - catastrophic misinterpretation of thought.
- Sher (1989) - OCD sufferers have poor memory for actions
- Evaluations
- Useful when explaining Ind. Differences.
- Treatments are succesful
- Challenge faulty thinking, replace...
- Cognitive restructuring
- Cognitive rehearsal
- CBT - usually results in behaviour change.
- Difficult to establish cause and effect
- No explanation to origins of cog bias.
- Biological Approach (Neuro-Chemical)
- Lack of Serotonin, neural communicat-ion impaired.
- OCD only responds to drug therapies that affect Serotonin levels.
- Evaluations
- Biological Approach (Genetic
- Genotype for OCD, then Phenotype later in life.
- Pauls et al (1995) - OCD incidence much higher if family member with OCD.
- Rasmussen and Tsang (1986) - Concordance rate of 7-% in MZ twins.
- Seems to run in families.
- OCD
- Behavioural Theory
- Focus on explaining compulsions.
- Obsessions are mental processes an cannot be empirically understood.
- Mowrer's two process theory can be used - CC and OC
- CC explains how anxiety becomes associated with another stimulus.
- Compulsion caused by OC, notices by chance the reduction of axniety they feel after performing a certain task.
- This anxiety is a form of negative reinforcement
- Compulsion caused by OC, notices by chance the reduction of axniety they feel after performing a certain task.
- CC explains how anxiety becomes associated with another stimulus.
- Rachman and Hodgson - exposing to obsessive thoughts increasings anxiety, performing compulsions reduce anxiety.
- Superstition Hypothesis - chance behaviour paired with a reinforcer.
- Evaluations
- Can explain cause and maintenance.
- Led to succesful treatments
- Systematic Desensitisat-ion - Wolpe
- 1. Relaxation
- 2. Gradual exposure - hierarchy of fear.
- 3. Counter conditioning
- Evaluations
- Quick, clearly measurable and effective - 75%
- Ethical issues, too simplistic, may not work in real life?
- Systematic Desensitisat-ion - Wolpe
- Cannot explain the obsession as well.
- Focus on explaining compulsions.
- PsychD Approach
- Anal fixiation due to inappropriate toilet training.
- Dominant ID = Obsessive thoughts
- Dominant Super-ego = obsessive behaviour
- Evaluations
- Difficult to scientifically test the unconscious mind
- Therapiies are not particulalry effective
- D.A + F.A
- Based on case study - hard to generalise
- Salzman (1995) - OCD is as a result of repressed trauma.
- Good contribution from Freud
- Behavioural Theory
- Very scientific, empirical research.
- Very credible, supports psychology as a science.
- Theory has led to drug therapies with SSRI's - effective
- Reductionist, reduces to components of genes. - Oversimplified
- Fails to consider environment.
- Deterministic - dehumanizing.
- Biological Approach (Genetic
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