Nucleic acids
This is a discription of the structure and funtions nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
- Created by: Owain
- Created on: 02-01-14 15:21
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- Nucleic Acids
- DNA
- The Pentose sugar is called DEOXYRIBOSE
- Deoxyribose contains one less oxygen atom than Ribose
- The nucleic acids are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
- Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine are pyrimidines which contain only a single ring structure.
- The nucleic acids Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
- Adenine and Guanine a purines which are made up of a 2 ring structure
- The nucleic acids are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
- Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine are pyrimidines which contain only a single ring structure.
- The nucleic acids Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
- Adenine and Guanine a purines which are made up of a 2 ring structure
- Adenine and Guanine a purines which are made up of a 2 ring structure
- The nucleic acids Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
- Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine are pyrimidines which contain only a single ring structure.
- The nucleic acids are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
- Adenine and Guanine a purines which are made up of a 2 ring structure
- The nucleic acids Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine
- Thymine, Uracil and Cytosine are pyrimidines which contain only a single ring structure.
- They also contain a phosphate group
- Structure of DNA
- Consists of 2 chains of polynucleotides coiled around each other to form a double helix
- In DNA the 2 helices are linked together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
- There are 10 bases between each turn of the helix
- Adenine pairs up with Thymine
- The pairs are complementary to each other
- Guanine pairs up with Cytosine
- The pairs are complementary to each other
- Guanine pairs up with Cytosine
- Functions of DNA
- To carry the information for the order of amino acids in a protein
- To replicate in dividing cells
- The Pentose sugar is called DEOXYRIBOSE
- RNA
- The pentose sugar is called RIBOSE
- Deoxyribose contains one less oxygen atom than Ribose
- They also contain a phosphate group
- The structure of RNA
- RNA is a single stranded polymer made up of nucleotides
- There are 3 types of RNA
- Messenger RNA(mRNA)
- It is involved with protein synthesis
- It is a long stranded molecule formed into a helix
- It carries the genetic code for assembling proteins from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the proteins are made
- It is made on the nucleus
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- Ribosomes are made up of Ribosomal RNA and protein
- It is a large molecule made up of single and double stranded helces
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- This is a small single stranded molecule shaped like a clover leaf
- It carries the amino acids to the ribosomes so that protein molecules can be assembled.
- One end of the chain always ends in cytosine-cytosine-adenine.
- The other end of the molecule there is a sequence of 3 bases called ANTICODON
- Messenger RNA(mRNA)
- The pentose sugar is called RIBOSE
- Nucleotides
- The Pentose sugar, the nucleic acid and the phosphate group make up a nucleotide
- The 3 subunits form a nucleotide by condensation reactions
- 2 nucleotides react again to form a Dineulceotide and then more will react together to form a Polynucleotide
- Picture of a nucleotide
- DNA
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