montserrat
- Created by: fahmida1998
- Created on: 05-10-16 16:40
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- Montserrat Volcanic Eruption- 1995 (July 28th) -1997 (June 25th)
- Background
- small island on caribbean
- Dormant for 350 yrs- lots of energy stored
- volcanic area located in the south of the island on Soufriere Hills called Chances Peak
- Causes
- N.American plate subducts below caribbean plate- Destructive plate margin
- phreatic eruptions (steam driven explosions d.t heating of water)- gas & ash indicated magma is moving
- 1997- most intense eruptions
- Started 1995- Volcano gave warning signs of eruption (small earthquakes and eruptions of dust & ash)
- N.American plate subducts below caribbean plate- Destructive plate margin
- dome shape, viscous lava, andesitic lava (acidic) rich in silica, lots of air bubbles, explosive, not frequent
- Long term effects
- Lahars covered golf course
- Wildlife have to compete
- Volcano releases so2 = acid rain-> killing plants/ reducing growth-> less food for animals-> may die out
- Breathing problems
- Businesses effected
- Biggest problem- rebuilding & maintaining culture lost
- immediate responses
- Evacuation areas in plymouth- small group evacuated in 1995 to the North of Montserrat, neighbouring islands & UK
- Temporary shelters- 12 per room (cramped and unsanitary)
- Abandonment of the capital city
- British gov gave money for compensation & redev
- Dutch & French helicopters sent along with British navy to assist Emergency Support Unit
- Red Cross gave food,water & shelter
- £2,600 compensation for every adult= riots as many said it wasn't enough
- Long term responses
- 1996- some relocated to the UK
- Authorities are trying to reduce exposure to risks
- volcanic observatory built to monitor volcano
- Monitoring 24hrs/day to encourage ppl to return
- Exclusion zone set up in the volcanic region
- New roads & airports built
- Services in the north of the island were expanded
- Growth of tourism d.t volcano- economic benefit
- Conserving & re-establishing coral reefs- artificial reefs have been developed to attract tourists/divers
- Heat from underground- cheap elec
- Short term effects
- Old airport destroyed by pyroclastic flow
- Old valley floor covered in 10m of tephra- Belem Valley
- Destroyed mountain chicken frogs' habitats
- Water made v.acidic
- Heavy ash fall have effects on insects
- Coral reefs covered with ash
- Had biggest impact on Plymouth (Capital)- pop of 4500
- Clogged car engines & machinery
- 19 killed
- Background
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