Migration
- Created by: elletseb
- Created on: 07-06-16 22:12
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- Migration - the movement of people to a new country or area
- Key Terms
- Immigration
- When people move into an area
- These people are called Immigrants
- When people move into an area
- Emigration
- When people leave an area
- These people are called Emmigrants
- When people leave an area
- International Migration
- Migration between two countries
- Internal Migration
- Movement of people within the same country
- Forced Migration
- Migration where people have little or no choice
- i.e. refugees are forced to migrate for their safety
- Migration where people have little or no choice
- Voluntary Migration
- When a person makes the decision to move
- Immigration
- Push & Pull Factors
- Push factors
- Things about a person's country of origin which makes them want to move
- i.e. high unemployment, housing shortages, poor healthcare, a natural disaster
- i.e. Refugees forced to leave due to war or natural disaster
- Pull factors
- Things about a person's host country that attract them
- i.e. job opportunities, educational opportunities, better healthcare, improved housing
- i.e. Economic migrants move voluntarily from poor to richer places looking for better work and wages
- Push factors
- Impacts of Migration
- On source country
- Reduced demand on services
- Money often sent back to families of emigrants still in source country
- Labour shortage- mostly people of working age emigrate
- Skills shortage - sometimes more highly educated people that emigrate
- Ageing population - high proportion of older people left
- On host country
- Locals and migrants compete for jobs - can lead to tensions
- Increased demand for services
- Not all money earned by immigrants spent in host countries - some sent back to country of origin
- Increased labour force- young people emigrate to find work
- Migrant workers pay taxes that help fund services
- Helps prevent and support ageing population
- On source country
- CASE STUDY Economic Migration. Poland --> UK
- Push Factors
- High unemployment - 18.2% in 2005
- Polish GDP/capita $12,700 compared to $30,900 in UK (2006)
- Youth unemployment - 40% faced even by those with a high level of education
- Pull Factors
- UK unemployment only 5.1% (2005)
- Poland joined EU in 2004 - easier to get into UK
- UK one of few countries that doesn't place a limit on number of immigrants
- Can earn 4-5 times as much in UK whilst cost of living only 2 times as much
- Average no. of UK vacancies at end of 2006 was 607,900
- Impacts on Source Country
- Fewer people left unemployed looking for a job in Poland
- £4bil. sent back to Poland from abroad (remittences) in 2005/06
- Accounts for 1/3 of economic growth
- In 2008 labour shortages reported in Poland
- In sectors such as agriculture (fruit growth)
- Impacts on Host Country
- £2.54bn. contributed to UK economy by eastern EU immigrants
- 80% of new immigrants in 2004 ages 18-35
- Helps prevent ageing population and lower National Insurance
- 2003-2010 Polish born population increased from 75,000 to 532,000
- Polish people seen to be motivated and hard working
- Broad geographical spread of Polish migrants has brought large-scale migration to areas which haven't experienced it before
- Has created tensions and misunderstandings
- Anti Polish graffiti has appeared on streets of a number of UK cities
- Has created tensions and misunderstandings
- Push Factors
- CASE STUDY- Afghanistan Refugee movements to the EU
- Background
- 2001 9/11 Terror attacks caused George Bush to launch war on Taliban in Afghanistan with UK and other NATO countries
- Last soldiers air lifted out in 2014
- 3 million Afghan refugees worldwide
- 23,406 in UK (2010)
- 2001 9/11 Terror attacks caused George Bush to launch war on Taliban in Afghanistan with UK and other NATO countries
- Calais
- Refugees built makeshift settlements of homes and shacks near channel tunnel
- 700-800 Waiting there in Aug. 2009
- Many didn't feel safe in France but thought England was a good and safe country for them
- Sep. 2009 - remaining migrants arrested and settlement bulldozed
- However most were simply released back into France so returned to Calais to try and get into England
- Impacts
- Migrants so desperate they jump into trucks and lorries, frustrating drivers
- Some drivers beat them up or charge them exorbitant amounts of money to illegally smuggle them across
- People passing through or living nearby feel threatened
- Carry metal bars for protection
- Some quitting their job as a result of issues here
- Rival groups within settlement - turf wars about most accessible route to tunnel/ferry
- 50 injured in a rock throwing frenzy, required police to be broken up
- Some have set up camp on site of abandoned factory - full of phosphorus and sulfuric acid
- Safer for many in Calais than in home country
- Some locals have taken pity on them
- One allows a few to shower in her home
- Given dinner by two local charities every night
- Migrants so desperate they jump into trucks and lorries, frustrating drivers
- Background
- Key Terms
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