Memory
- Created by: efone
- Created on: 12-01-19 16:00
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- Memory
- Coding, Capacity and duration
- Coding
- Baddeley 1966 Acoustically/ semantically similar/ dissimilar words
- STM is acoustically LTM is semantically coded
- Artificial stimuli used rather than meaningful material. Limited application as we can't generalise
- The format in which info is stored in memory stores
- Baddeley 1966 Acoustically/ semantically similar/ dissimilar words
- Capacity
- The amount of info that can be held in memory stores
- Digit Span Jacobs 1887
- Gave Pps 4 digits to remember and recall, then 5 etc.
- Average digits- 9.3 average letters- 7.3
- Research was a long time ago, lacked adequate control over confounding variables
- Span of memory and chunking Miller 1956
- People can remember 5 letters as well as 5 words- chunking
- Might have overestimated capacity. Cowan said 4 chunks
- Magic 7 plus or minus 2
- Duration
- STM Peterson and Peterson 1959
- Pps given a consonant syllable (trigram such as YCG). Counted back from a 3 digit number
- STM is up to 18 secs without rehearsal
- Lacks external validity
- LTM Bahrick et al 1975
- Has higher external validity but confounding variables not controlled eg Pps might have looked at yearbook
- Pps shown highschool yearbooks, tested on photo-recognition and free recall where they recalled classmates names
- 15 years after graduation- 90% accurate in photo recog., recall 60%. 48 years- photo recog. 70%, recall 30%
- STM Peterson and Peterson 1959
- Coding
- MSM
- Sensory register
- Iconic memory- visual Echoic memory- acoustically
- Stimulus from environment go into SR
- Duration of half a second
- Very high capacity
- STM
- Limited capacity 5-9 items
- Coded acoustically
- Lasts 30 secs unless
- Shallice and Warrington studied KF 1970
- More than one type of STM
- KF struggled when digits read aloud to him but better when read to himself
- Rehearsal
- Maintenance- keeps info in STM
- Elaborative- links info to existing knowledge in LTM
- LTM
- Potentially permanent store
- Codes semantically
- Supported by studies that show that LTM and STM are qualitatively different
- Sensory register
- LTM
- Episodic
- Ability to recall events in our lives
- Time-stamped and have to recall consciously
- Semantic
- Knowledge of the world- facts, meanings of words
- Not personal to us
- Procedural
- Memory for actions and skills
- Evaluation
- Case study of HM
- Episodic memory damaged, semantic and procedural intact
- One store can be damaged but others are unaffected
- Neuroimaging evidence
- Episodic and semantic recalled from prefrontal cortex
- Physical difference between stores
- Cohen and Squire 1980
- Episodic and semantic stored together- declarative
- Procedural is non-declarative
- Case study of HM
- Tulving 1985- 3 types
- Episodic
- Coding, Capacity and duration
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