Medieval medicine

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  • Medieval medicine
    • Background info
      • War
        • destroyed Roman public health systems and medical libraries
        • made small kingdoms focus on armies instead of health and medical skills
        • Disrupted trade- made people poorer
      • Travel
        • more dangerous- reduces comm. between doctors
      • Training of doctors
        • Training abandoned
        • Galen's books lost/ hidden for safety
      • ROME COLLAPSES
      • LATER
        • Medieval medicine
          • Background info
            • War
              • destroyed Roman public health systems and medical libraries
              • made small kingdoms focus on armies instead of health and medical skills
              • Disrupted trade- made people poorer
            • Travel
              • more dangerous- reduces comm. between doctors
            • Training of doctors
              • Training abandoned
              • Galen's books lost/ hidden for safety
            • ROME COLLAPSES
            • LATER
              • Catholic Church set up universities- where doctors can be trained
              • Armies took doctors to war- gained exp as surgeon
              • Rulers were taken to clean up towns
          • Influence of the Catholic Church
            • Christianity grew stronger in the Middle Ages
            • Monasteries controlled education. Priests and monks can only read.
            • Opened medical schools- taught ideas of Galen
            • Libraries only found in monasteries- unwanted books banned
            • Monasteries made efforts to provide clean running water and toilets.
          • Medieval hostpitals
            • mostly set up by monasteries and ran by monks and priests
            • provided "hospitality"
              • Genuinely ill people turned away in fears of disease spreads
            • Genuinely ill people turned away in fears of disease spreads
          • Return of Hippocrates and Galen
            • Galen's work
              • rediscovered and analysed by church leaders
                • fitted to Christian beliefs- referred to "the creator"
              • believed to be correct- cannot be improvised
              • had great influence to Arab and European
            • Hippocrates
              • Medical schools appear- first in Salerno, Italy.
                • Translations of Galen and Hippocrates' works used and taught as absolute truth.
                  • Galen's work
                    • rediscovered and analysed by church leaders
                      • fitted to Christian beliefs- referred to "the creator"
                    • believed to be correct- cannot be improvised
                    • had great influence to Arab and European
          • Arab medicine
            • Greek ideas were admired and was the basis of development by Islamic scholars
            • Hippocrates' four humours and clinical observation as well as Galen's theory of opposite humours lived on
            • Hippocrates and Galen's works were written together- these got back to Europe
            • Muslim attitude to the Koran- unwilling to criticise Galen's work.
          • 4 Humour Theory
            • Idea still carried on
            • developed into more complex system- based on position of stars
            • Human dissections carried out at medical schools
              • findings were interpreted as the theory of 4 humours
              • later led to some doctors to question theory
          • New developments
            • more schools
              • some doubts to classical texts
                • DISSECTION allowed
                  • more schools
                    • some doubts to classical texts
                      • DISSECTION allowed
              • new diagnosis techniques developed
                • urine sample tests
              • stars also believed to be cause of disease
                • astrology used to decide on treatments
              • Trained doctors very expensive
              • Most medicines done provided by monasteries and housewife physicians
                • basic cures and exp used
            • Supernatural beliefs and treatments
              • illness was a punishment for sins
                • Prayed to God if ill
              • Pilgrimages could cure illness
              • Doctors superstitious- referred to stars and spoke magical words during treatments
            • Surgical developments
              • High demand for surgery
                • War rampant
              • wine- first antiseptic
              • very low standard of surgery
                • left to untrained barber surgeons
              • Surgery still simple
                • major surgery still risky
            • Public Health Measures
              • towns lacked were poor in public health compared to the Romans
              • people relied on cesspits and wells
                • waste often disposed onto street
              • People drank more beer than water- less contaminated
            • The Black Death- 1348
              • Spread by
                • black rat flea bites
                • coughs and sneezes
              • Arrived in Britain- 1348
                • victims keeled over and died in a few days
              • high temp, exhaustion, swellings and difficulty breathing
              • Ships quarantined
                • 40 days
              • How the plague was treated
                • Miasma
                  • fragrances used to blocked bad smalls
                • God
                  • prayed
                  • became flagellants- suffer same as Jesus did
                • Unbalanced humours
                  • used opposites
                • Poisoned water
                  • blame the Jews
          • Catholic Church set up universities- where doctors can be trained
          • Armies took doctors to war- gained exp as surgeon
          • Rulers were taken to clean up towns
      • Influence of the Catholic Church
        • Christianity grew stronger in the Middle Ages
        • Monasteries controlled education. Priests and monks can only read.
        • Opened medical schools- taught ideas of Galen
        • Libraries only found in monasteries- unwanted books banned
        • Monasteries made efforts to provide clean running water and toilets.
      • Medieval hostpitals
        • mostly set up by monasteries and ran by monks and priests
        • provided "hospitality"
        • Return of Hippocrates and Galen
          • Hippocrates
            • Medical schools appear- first in Salerno, Italy.
              • Translations of Galen and Hippocrates' works used and taught as absolute truth.
          • Arab medicine
            • Greek ideas were admired and was the basis of development by Islamic scholars
            • Hippocrates' four humours and clinical observation as well as Galen's theory of opposite humours lived on
            • Hippocrates and Galen's works were written together- these got back to Europe
            • Muslim attitude to the Koran- unwilling to criticise Galen's work.
          • 4 Humour Theory
            • Idea still carried on
            • developed into more complex system- based on position of stars
            • Human dissections carried out at medical schools
              • findings were interpreted as the theory of 4 humours
              • later led to some doctors to question theory
          • New developments
            • new diagnosis techniques developed
              • urine sample tests
            • stars also believed to be cause of disease
              • astrology used to decide on treatments
            • Trained doctors very expensive
            • Most medicines done provided by monasteries and housewife physicians
              • basic cures and exp used
          • Supernatural beliefs and treatments
            • illness was a punishment for sins
              • Prayed to God if ill
            • Pilgrimages could cure illness
            • Doctors superstitious- referred to stars and spoke magical words during treatments
          • Surgical developments
            • High demand for surgery
              • War rampant
            • wine- first antiseptic
            • very low standard of surgery
              • left to untrained barber surgeons
            • Surgery still simple
              • major surgery still risky
          • Public Health Measures
            • towns lacked were poor in public health compared to the Romans
            • people relied on cesspits and wells
              • waste often disposed onto street
            • People drank more beer than water- less contaminated
          • The Black Death- 1348
            • Spread by
              • black rat flea bites
              • coughs and sneezes
            • Arrived in Britain- 1348
              • victims keeled over and died in a few days
            • high temp, exhaustion, swellings and difficulty breathing
            • Ships quarantined
              • 40 days
            • How the plague was treated
              • Miasma
                • fragrances used to blocked bad smalls
              • God
                • prayed
                • became flagellants- suffer same as Jesus did
              • Unbalanced humours
                • used opposites
              • Poisoned water
                • blame the Jews

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