Medicine in Britain c1250-c1500: The Middle Ages

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  • Medicine in Britain c1250-c1500: The Middle Ages
    • Ideas: Supernatural and Religious
      • The Christian Church was dominant in medieval society which meant supernatural ideas were common.
      • The Church taught, and people believed that God made them ill because he was either displeased with them or testing their faith.
      • The alignment of the planets and stars was thought to be the cause of some diseases.
        • Astrology was used to help diagnose what was wrong with a patient.
      • The religious beliefs held people back from finding the true cause of illness.
      • The Church set up the universities that physicians trained at.
      • The Church discouraged dissection and did not approve of people challenging ideas.
      • Most large collections of books were in monasteries which meant the church were in charge of what books were read.
      • The Church promoted the ideas of Galen as his theories fitted Christian beliefs.
      • The Church also taught that people should follow Jesus' example and care for the sick.
    • Rational explanations for Disease
      • The Four Humours.
        • The Ancient Greeks believed everyone was a mix of four humours and people became ill when they were unbalanced.
        • Idea created by Hippocrate-s
      • Theory of Opposites.
        • Galen further developed the Theory of the Four Humours.
        • Aimed to balance the humours by giving the patient the 'opposite' of their symptoms.
      • Miasma.
        • Some believed that disease was transmitted through 'bad air'./
        • This was linked to religion as bad smells indicated sin.
    • Approaches to prevention and treatment
      • Rational treatment with the four humours included blood letting and purging.
      • Religious
        • Living a Christian life.
        • Carrying lucky charms or amulets.
        • Chanting incantations
        • Self punishment
      • Rational
        • Keep streets clean.
        • Purifying the air.
        • Exercising.
        • Not overeating.
        • Bathing and washing.
      • Treatments
        • Religious: praying, fasting, pilgrimage, paying for a special Mass.
        • Rational: herbs, foods to rebalance the humours, ointments to apply to the skin.
    • Approaches to caring for the sick.
      • Who treated the sick?
        • Barber-surgeons: No training, carried out basic surgery.
        • Apothecaries: no medical qualification, cost money.
        • Care in home: treated by a female family member.
        • Physicians: medically trained, expensive.
      • Hospitals: infectious or incurable diseases, kept clean, fresh food and rest.

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