Medicine - 18th/19th Century
- Created by: ash8642
- Created on: 18-03-18 11:54
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- Medicine - 18th/19th Century
- Vaccination
- Successor to inoculation
- Edward Jenner
- Knew milkmaids got cowpox, not smallpox
- Used scientific methods
- 1796
- Tested his theory
- Published his findings
- Didn't know why the vaccine worked
- Only a vaccine for smallpox could be created
- Approved by Government
- Made compulsory in 1853
- Vaccine clinic opened in 1802
- Germ Theory
- Louis Pasteur
- Published his findings in 1861
- Germs in the air cause disease
- Each germ had to be individually identified
- Match germ to disease
- Developed by Robert Koch
- Cholera
- No water / waste facilities
- People shared water pumps / privy
- Broke out in 1831
- Epidemic by 1832
- John Snow
- Made a connection between the water pumps and cholera
- 1854
- Broke out in Broad Street
- Snow made a map of affected areas
- Saw brewery men were unaffected
- Drank beer or from brewery's deep well
- Most affected was Broad Street
- People preferred the water there
- Saw brewery men were unaffected
- 1855
- Published 'On the Mode of Communication of Cholera'
- Snow convinced council to remove pump's handle
- Anaesthetics
- Natural anaestheticused
- Mandrake
- Alcohol
- Opium
- Laughing gas
- Humphrey Davy
- 1799
- Demonstrated 1845
- Dismissed as being rereational
- Ether
- Crawford Long
- 1842
- Didn't publish findings
- William Morton
- Demonstrated in 1846
- Irritant + explosive
- Crawford Long
- Chloroform
- James Simpson
- Head of Mdwifery
- Safe way to give birth
- 1847
- Could affect the heart
- James Simpson
- Lead to higher death rates
- Surgeons became more confident
- Infection still a problem
- Natural anaestheticused
- Anticeptics
- Joseph Lister
- Carbolic acid
- Seen it used in sewage works
- Tried it in theatre in 1860s
- Used on instruments and bandages
- Death rate fell
- 50% in 1864 - 1866
- 15% in 1867 - 1870
- Public Health Act, 1875
- Edward Chadwick
- Brought in 1848 Public Health Act
- Compulsory
- Health Inspector
- Sanitary Inspector
- Maintain sewage systems
- Keep streets clean
- Edward Chadwick
- Vaccination
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