Managing hazards arising from volcanoes - Indonesia and Italy

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  • Managing Volcanic Hazards
    • Italy
      • Modifying Event
        • local-scale success with slowing and diverting lava flows from Etna
          • Earth barriers, large concrete blocks dropped into lava flow, channels dug to divert lava flow
      • Modifying Vulnerability
        • Monitoring plays a big role - CFCRV is basis for decision making such as evacuation orders.
          • long term analysis of eruption patterns
          • international comparisons
          • constant monitoring (seismometers, tilt meters, infra-red, weekly bulletins)
          • well established alert level sequence
          • closure of airports and air space when threatened by ash
          • research into the most effective building design to resist ash fall
      • Modifying Loss
        • Well practiced in dealing with volcanic hazards.
        • compensate communities and individuals
        • swift evacuation processes
        • well trained fire and military services
    • Indonesia
      • Modifying Event
        • Very little could be done due to minimal tech and preparation
      • Modifying Vulnerability
        • CVGHM est. 1920 has observatories across Indonesia
          • Technology was and has been limited
          • Funding for programme was limited as weak economy
            • Also political divergence and tension after WW2 made volcanic monitoring minor priority
          • 60 volcanoes monitored
          • Works closely with local Govs on mitigation strategies
        • National Agency for Disaster Management
        • Settlement relocation
          • often contested
      • Modifying Loss
        • LIDC so resources it can deploy are minimal
        • Some well trained emergency services and military
        • Temporary shelters in safe zones are available
        • Authorities have cleared river channels of volcanic material and other debris to reduce flooding and lahars
          • Some material has commercial value

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