Lipids

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  • Lipids
    • Features
      • Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
      • Non polar, insoluble in water
      • Dissolve easily in organic solvents eg alcohol
      • Fats and oils are types of lipids
        • Fats are solid at room temperature
        • Oils are liquid at room temperature
    • Triglycerides
      • made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
        • Glycerol has 3 hydroxyl (-OH) groups
        • Fatty acids made of carboxylic group an a hydrocarbon chain varying in length
          • Saturated means there are no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
          • Unsaturated means there are one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
      • Formed by a condensation reaction- 3 water molecules synthesised. Ester bond created
      • Not classed as polymers because polymers are made of long chains of the same monomer.
      • Roles
        • Energy storage
        • Heat
        • Protection; found around organs to cushion impact
        • Electrical insulation, in the myelin sheath of nerve cells
    • Phospholipids
      • Made of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate group
        • Glycerol and phosphate create hydrophilic head and fatty acids form hydrophobic tail
          • Hydrophilic = Water Loving
          • Hydrophobic = Water hating
      • Form the major part of all biological membranes
      • In water, these form a bilayer where the tails point inwards away from the water and the heads point out into the water
    • Lipids test
      • - Add Ethanol to the same to be tested. Shake thoroughly until sample has dissolved. Add water and shake gently.
        • If the solution turns milky white, a lipid is present

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