Lipids
- Created by: Emily
- Created on: 16-12-12 19:33
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- lipids
- function
- energy source- can be respired to release energy to generate ATP
- energy storage - more energy is yielded per gram than carbs, found in "fat stores" in adipose cells
- insulation - e.g electrical insulations around long nerve cells and below the skin, blubber in whales
- protection against knocks
- groups
- triglycerides
- most common form of lipids
- solid at room temp = fats, liquid at room temp = oils
- made up of one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids
- glycerol = the head (hydrophilic) and the fatty acids = the tail (hydrophobic)
- the glycerol and fatty acid are joined together by an ester bond during a condensation reaction
- phospholipids
- phosphate = the head (hydrophilic) and 2 fatty acids plus a glycerol = the tail
- creates the phospholipid bilayer, found in the fluid mosaic model (cell membrane)
- cholesterol
- steroid hormones
- triglycerides
- saturated fats
- solid at room temperature (fat)
- has C-C bonds
- max. number of H-bonds/atoms
- animal fat
- less healthy because they are solid, linked to diets that are poor
- high melting point
- unsaturated fats
- have C=C bonds
- often oils
- fewer H-atoms are bonded to the molecule
- plants
- don't contain max. number of hydrogen atoms
- 1 C=C bond = monounsaturated, 2 or more C=C bonds = polyunsaturated
- more = healthier because increases the fluidity of the molecule
- lower melting point
- ethanol emulsion test: mix the sample with ethanol (this will dissolve any lipids), pour the solution into water in a new test, if lipids are present there will be a cloudy white emulsion at the top, the lips comes out of the solution and becomes dispersed as tiny droplets in the water.
- function
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