Learning approaches

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  • Created by: __Jess
  • Created on: 21-11-22 18:55
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  • Learning Approaches
    • Behaviourist
      • Basic principles
        • Only measures observable behaviour
        • Animal learning same as human learning
        • All behaviour is learned
      • Pavlov
        • Classical conditioning
          • A neutral stimulus can elicit a conditioned response through association
      • Skinner
        • Operant conditioning
          • Positive reinforcement
            • Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed
          • Negative reinforcement
            • Occurs when something unpleasant is avoided
          • Punishment
            • An unpleasant consequence of behaviour
      • Strengths
        • Highly controlled research
        • Real world application
      • Weaknesses
        • Environmental determinism
          • Free will is ignored
        • Reductionist
    • Social learning theory
      • Vicarious reinforcement
        • Imitation occurs if the behaviour is seen to be rewarded
      • Mediational processes of learning
        • 1) Attention - The extent to which we notice behaviours
        • 2) Retention - How well the behaviour is remembered
        • 3) Motor reproduction - The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
        • 4) Motivation - The will to recreate the behaviour
      • Identification
        • Children will imitate role models they identify with
          • The process of imitating a role model is called modelling
      • Strengths
        • Recognises the importance of cognitive factors
        • Real-world application
        • Can explain cultural differences
      • Weaknesses
        • Lab studies
          • Demand characteristics
        • May underemphasise biological influences

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