Learning approaches
- Created by: __Jess
- Created on: 21-11-22 18:55
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- Learning Approaches
- Behaviourist
- Basic principles
- Only measures observable behaviour
- Animal learning same as human learning
- All behaviour is learned
- Pavlov
- Classical conditioning
- A neutral stimulus can elicit a conditioned response through association
- Classical conditioning
- Skinner
- Operant conditioning
- Positive reinforcement
- Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed
- Negative reinforcement
- Occurs when something unpleasant is avoided
- Punishment
- An unpleasant consequence of behaviour
- Positive reinforcement
- Operant conditioning
- Strengths
- Highly controlled research
- Real world application
- Weaknesses
- Environmental determinism
- Free will is ignored
- Reductionist
- Environmental determinism
- Basic principles
- Social learning theory
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Imitation occurs if the behaviour is seen to be rewarded
- Mediational processes of learning
- 1) Attention - The extent to which we notice behaviours
- 2) Retention - How well the behaviour is remembered
- 3) Motor reproduction - The ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
- 4) Motivation - The will to recreate the behaviour
- Identification
- Children will imitate role models they identify with
- The process of imitating a role model is called modelling
- Children will imitate role models they identify with
- Strengths
- Recognises the importance of cognitive factors
- Real-world application
- Can explain cultural differences
- Weaknesses
- Lab studies
- Demand characteristics
- May underemphasise biological influences
- Lab studies
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Behaviourist
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