Infancy 0-2 years - Physical
- Created by: laraevans101
- Created on: 23-11-20 19:35
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- Infancy 0-2 - Physical
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- infancy is the time when growth and development are at their most rapid.
- Reflexes
- Babies have primitive reflexes which disappear; they protect the baby in the first few months of life.
- Primitive reflexes
- Survival reflexes
- automatic responses stay with us for life and some disappear as the natural bodily responses take over. This set of reflexes indicates that the new-born's central nervous system is in good working order.
- Rooting reflex
- causes babies to turn their cheek in the direction of touch and helps them to direct their mouth towards their mother’s breast.
- Sucking reflex
- causes babies to **** any object that touches their lips or enters their mouth and enables them to feed from birth.
- Moro reflexes
- causes babies to fling their arms outwards, arch their back then bring their arms together as if they were holding something and occurs in response to a loud noise.
- Grasping reflex
- causes babies to curl their fingers tightly around any object placed in their palm.
- Tonic neck reflex
- causes babies to turn their head, arms and legs to one side when laid on their back; they flex the limbs on the opposite side.
- Stepping reflex
- causes babies to lift their legs as if about to walk when held upright.
- Babinski reflex
- causes babies to fan then curl their toes when the bottom of their foot is stroked.
- Gross Motor skills
- large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body which are required for mobility, for example rolling over.
- Babies have little control over their head if it's not supported by an adult
- 6 Months have complete control over their head
- Cushions, head support (Activities)
- 9 Months pull themselves up to sitting position
- Jumperoo, positioning baby on sofa/floorwith cushion support, bouncer. (Activities)
- 12 months stand alone
- Push and pull toys, ride/walking toys, adultholding child in standing position (Activities)
- 15 months can walk alone
- Walking toys, adult holding child whilst walking, push and pull toys. (Activities)
- 2 years - can walk up and down stairs w/ 2 feet on one step
- Fine Motor skills
- involve smaller movements that require precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles, for example picking up a pencil.
- New-borns keep their hands closed most of the time
- Automatic grasp reflex
- Disappears by 3 months
- Automatic grasp reflex
- 6 months a child will generally voluntarily grasp an object or toy and hold it.
- Baby gym, mobile (Activities)
- 9 months the movements in the hand become more refined and most children can use finger and thumb to hold objects ‘pincer grasp’.
- Puzzle toys, digging, rattle (Activities)
- 12 months they can hold a crayon using the ‘palmar grasp’.
- Colouring in, puzzle toys. (activities)
- 15 months they can usually take a spoon to their mouth, and by 2 years they may begin to dress themselves.
- Food time, pretend kitchen toys, construction toys. (Activities)
- Dolls/characters/teddy bears. (Activities)
- Grow
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