Hydrocarbons and Fractional Distillation
- Created by: Abc312
- Created on: 26-04-18 17:01
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- Hydrocarbons
- They contain only hydrogen and oxygen atoms
- The length of the chain changes the properties of the hydrocarbon
- A shorter chain the less viscous (gloopy)/ more runny the hydrocarbon is.
- A shorter chain means the hydrocarbon is more volatile (has a lower boiling point)
- A shorter chain means it will be more flammable.
- The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water.
- Hydrocarbons are the main compounds that are found in crude oil
- Crude oil is found in rocks
- Crude oil is the remains of ancient biomass mainly consisting of plankton
- Fractional Distillation
- Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation which splits it up into fractions with molecules of a similar number of atoms.
- First the oil is heated so it turns into a gas and then it is pumped into a fractionating column.
- The fractions with the highest boiling points and the longest chains go out of the bottom and the rest travel up the tower until they reach their boiling point then they condense and are piped out.
- The fractions separated are:
- LPG(Liquified petroleum gas)
- Petrol
- Kerosene
- Diesel Oil
- Heavy Fuel Oil
- Bitumen
- The formula for the alkane series is CnH2n+2
- The first four are:
- Propane
- Ethane
- Butane
- Methane
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