Carbohydrates
- Created by: daniya.jpg
- Created on: 13-11-17 18:51
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- Carbohydrates
- Hydrocarbon Chain
- Monomer- single unit
- Polymer- repeating monomer units
- Macromolecule- v large molecule made by condensation,e.g. proteins
- Monosaccharides (CH2O)n
- Triose Sugars- (C3H6O3) important in mitochondria where glucose breaks down into triose sugars during respiration
- Pentose Sugars- (C5H10O5) ribose and deoxyribose sugars important in nucleic acids RNA and DNA
- Hexose Sugars- (C6H12O6) taste sweet, e.g. glucose, galactose and fructose
- Glucose- (isomers alpha-glucose and beta-glucose) different arrangement of atoms at carbon one- OH and H atoms swapped around- form different glycosidic bonds due to structure
- Disaccharides- macromolecule consisting of 2 sugar molecules joined together by glycosidic bond formed in condensation
- Sucrose- (alpha-glucose + fructose) stored in plants such as sugar cane
- Maltose- (alpha-glucose + alpha-glucose) in germinating seeds such as barley
- Lactose- (alpha-glucose + beta-galactose) main carbohydrate in milk
- Polysaccharides- macromolecules consisting of more than 2 sugars, long chain polymer joined by glycosidic bonds formed in condensation
- Oligosaccharides- molecules with 3-10 sugar units
- True Polysaccharide- molecules with 11 or more monosaccharides
- Structure- able to become compact therefore ideal for storage, glycosidic bonds easily broken so good for rapid release of monosaccharide units in respiration, not soluble in water so cause no osmotic water movements
- Hydrocarbon Chain
- Reactions
- Hydrolysis- removal of water molecule to break down disaccharide/polysaccharide/etc.
- Carbohydrates
- Hydrocarbon Chain
- Monomer- single unit
- Polymer- repeating monomer units
- Macromolecule- v large molecule made by condensation,e.g. proteins
- Monosaccharides (CH2O)n
- Triose Sugars- (C3H6O3) important in mitochondria where glucose breaks down into triose sugars during respiration
- Pentose Sugars- (C5H10O5) ribose and deoxyribose sugars important in nucleic acids RNA and DNA
- Hexose Sugars- (C6H12O6) taste sweet, e.g. glucose, galactose and fructose
- Glucose- (isomers alpha-glucose and beta-glucose) different arrangement of atoms at carbon one- OH and H atoms swapped around- form different glycosidic bonds due to structure
- Disaccharides- macromolecule consisting of 2 sugar molecules joined together by glycosidic bond formed in condensation
- Sucrose- (alpha-glucose + fructose) stored in plants such as sugar cane
- Maltose- (alpha-glucose + alpha-glucose) in germinating seeds such as barley
- Lactose- (alpha-glucose + beta-galactose) main carbohydrate in milk
- Polysaccharides- macromolecules consisting of more than 2 sugars, long chain polymer joined by glycosidic bonds formed in condensation
- Oligosaccharides- molecules with 3-10 sugar units
- True Polysaccharide- molecules with 11 or more monosaccharides
- Structure- able to become compact therefore ideal for storage, glycosidic bonds easily broken so good for rapid release of monosaccharide units in respiration, not soluble in water so cause no osmotic water movements
- Hydrocarbon Chain
- Condensation- product + water molecule formed in joining sugars together
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