Green crime
- Created by: rebeccamellors
- Created on: 08-01-17 18:28
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- Green Crime
- 'Global Risk Society' & the Environment
- Beck (1992) in today's late modern society we can now provide adequate resources for all
- However massive increase in productivity & technology it created new 'manufactured risks'
- Risks involve harm to environment & its consequences for humanity
- Risks are global rather than local in nature
- However massive increase in productivity & technology it created new 'manufactured risks'
- Beck (1992) in today's late modern society we can now provide adequate resources for all
- Green Criminology
- Traditional Criminology
- Starting point is national & international laws/regulating concerning environment
- Situ & Emmons (2000) define it as ' unauthorised act or omission that violates the law'
- Advantage - its defined its subject matter clearly
- Disadvantage - accepting official definitions of environmental problems & crimes
- Green Criminology
- Starts from the notion of harm
- White (2008) argues proper subject of criminology is any action that harms physical environment
- Also known as 'zemiology' - study of harms
- Different countries have different laws, same harmful action in one country may be a crime but in another not
- Argue powerful interests are able to define in their own interests what counts as unacceptable environmental harm
- Traditional Criminology
- Types of Green Crime
- Primary
- Crime resulting directly from destruction & degradation of earths resources
- 4 main types:
- Crimes of Air Pollution - Waters (2013) twice as many people now die from ai-pollution
- Potential criminals are governments, business & consumers
- Crimes of Deforestation - between 1960-1990 1/5 of worlds tropical rainforests was destroyed
- Criminals include the state & those who profit from it
- Crimes of species decline & animal abuse - 50 species a day are becoming extinct
- There is trafficking in animals & animal parts
- Old crimes (dog-fights * badger-baiting are on the increase
- Crimes of water pollution - half a billion have no access to clean drinking water & 25 million die a year from drinking contaminated water
- Criminals include business & governments
- Crimes of Air Pollution - Waters (2013) twice as many people now die from ai-pollution
- Secondary
- Crime that goes against laws aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters
- State violence against oppositional groups
- States condemn terrorism but have been prepared to use similar illegal methods themselves
- Hazardous waste & organised crime
- Disposal of toxic waste from the chemical, nuclear & other industries is highly profitable
- Due to high costs of disposing waste legally, many do it illegally
- Illegal waste disposal illustrates problems of law enforcement in a globalised world
- Primary
- 'Global Risk Society' & the Environment
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