Evolutionary explanations of human aggression
- Created by: mollskie49
- Created on: 09-06-13 14:55
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- Evolutionary explanations of human aggression
- Jealousy
- Daly & Wilson - different strategies to deter female partners from committing adultery
- Range from vigilance to violence
- Cuckoldry and sexual jealousy
- Men can never be certain that they are the fathers.
- Men always at risk of cuckoldry
- Consequence - men might invest resources in offspring that are not his own
- Adaptive function of sexual jealousy is to deter mate from infidelity.
- Consequence - men might invest resources in offspring that are not his own
- Men always at risk of cuckoldry
- Men can never be certain that they are the fathers.
- Mate retention and violence
- Buss – number of strategies e.g. restricting partner’s autonomy (direct guarding) and negative inducements
- Form of violence or threats of violence
- Sexual jealousy - primary cause of violence against women
- Studies of battered women have shown the majority of cases, women cite extreme jealousy on the part of husband/boyfriend as key cause of violence – Dobash and Dobash.
- Sexual jealousy - primary cause of violence against women
- Form of violence or threats of violence
- Buss – number of strategies e.g. restricting partner’s autonomy (direct guarding) and negative inducements
- Sexual jealousy and extreme violence
- Men’s sexual jealousy is single most common motive for killing in domestic disputes in US – Daly
- Dell et al – sexual jealousy accounted for 17% of all cases of murders in the UK
- Men predominantly perpetrators and victims
- Summary of 8 studies of same-sex killings involving love triangles.
- 92% were male-male murders, 8% fem-fem murders.
- Summary of 8 studies of same-sex killings involving love triangles.
- Men predominantly perpetrators and victims
- Dell et al – sexual jealousy accounted for 17% of all cases of murders in the UK
- Men’s sexual jealousy is single most common motive for killing in domestic disputes in US – Daly
- Research support
- Shackelford et al – study shows clear relationship between sexual jealousy, mate retention strategies by males and violence towards women
- Buss and Shackelford – Men who suspected infidelity over the next year exacted greater punishment than those who didn’t
- Findings consistent with evolutionary psychology
- Mate retention strategies are in fact when particular adaptive problem is faced
- Findings consistent with evolutionary psychology
- Buss and Shackelford – Men who suspected infidelity over the next year exacted greater punishment than those who didn’t
- Shackelford et al – study shows clear relationship between sexual jealousy, mate retention strategies by males and violence towards women
- Physiological basis of jealousy based aggression
- Male sexual jealousy linked to aggression
- Supp. by Takahishi – neural responses to imaged scenes of sexual infidelity and emotional jealousy elicited dif responses for men and women
- Men showed greater activation in amygdala and hypothalamus (associated with aggression).
- Supp. by Takahishi – neural responses to imaged scenes of sexual infidelity and emotional jealousy elicited dif responses for men and women
- Male sexual jealousy linked to aggression
- IDA – Gender Bias
- Most studies focus on men’s mate retention strategies
- Women also engage in retention strategies and sometimes behave violently towards their partner
- Women initiate and carry out physical assault on partner as often as men do
- Felson – 2060 murders in US – women twice as likely to murder out of jealousy as men
- Women initiate and carry out physical assault on partner as often as men do
- Women also engage in retention strategies and sometimes behave violently towards their partner
- Most studies focus on men’s mate retention strategies
- Daly & Wilson - different strategies to deter female partners from committing adultery
- infidelity
- Voluntary sexual relations between someone who is married and someone who isn’t the individual’s spouse
- Detection or suspicion is key predictor of partner violence – Daly
- Men are more likely to engage in extramarital affairs than women
- 1 in 10 women admit to being unfaithful to their husbands
- Men are more likely to engage in extramarital affairs than women
- Detection or suspicion is key predictor of partner violence – Daly
- Sexual coercion (partner ****)
- A consequence of men’s suspicion of wives’ sexual infidelity – Goetz
- Camilleri – Sexual assault of female by mate was linked with perceived risk of her infidelity
- Shields and Hanneke – female victims of partner **** were more likely to report engaging in extramarital sex
- Camilleri – Sexual assault of female by mate was linked with perceived risk of her infidelity
- A consequence of men’s suspicion of wives’ sexual infidelity – Goetz
- Violence towards pregnant partners
- Sexual infidelity may lead to pregnancy.
- Long-term mate risks investing in offspring of another male, lowering his own reproductive success.
- Violence may be directed towards her to terminate the pregnancy thus eliminating offspring
- Free to bear his offspring
- Violence may be directed towards her to terminate the pregnancy thus eliminating offspring
- Long-term mate risks investing in offspring of another male, lowering his own reproductive success.
- Sexual infidelity may lead to pregnancy.
- Uxorocide (wife-killing)
- Daly and Wilson – death of partner from physical violence could be unintended outcome of evolutionary adaptation designed for control rather than death
- Research support
- Link between infidelity and partner violence supp by findings that the risk of a partner’s infidelity predicts sexual coercion among males but not females – Camilleri
- Significant because males are at risk of cuckoldry – Camilleri and Quinsey
- Men convicted of ****** their partners more likely to have experienced cuckoldry risks prior to their offence compared to men convicted of non sexual partner abuse
- Significant because males are at risk of cuckoldry – Camilleri and Quinsey
- Link between infidelity and partner violence supp by findings that the risk of a partner’s infidelity predicts sexual coercion among males but not females – Camilleri
- Violence towards pregnant partners
- Burch and Gallup – frequency of violence towards pregnant mates was roughly doubled to those who aren’t pregnant
- Taillieu and Brownridge – women abused while pregnant more likely to be carrying kid of man other than current mate
- Nicaguaran study – half of examples of pregnant women physically abused suffered blows directed at abdomen specifically designed to increase likelihood of aborting the fetus – Valladares
- Taillieu and Brownridge – women abused while pregnant more likely to be carrying kid of man other than current mate
- Burch and Gallup – frequency of violence towards pregnant mates was roughly doubled to those who aren’t pregnant
- Limitations of evolutionary exp
- Evolutionary perspective doesn’t explain why people react in dif ways when faced with same adaptive problem
- Buss and Shackelford – Can’t account for why dif males respond differently when faced with partner infidelity – some turn resort to aggressive mate retention strategies, some to murder, some get drunk
- Evolutionary perspective doesn’t explain why people react in dif ways when faced with same adaptive problem
- Voluntary sexual relations between someone who is married and someone who isn’t the individual’s spouse
- Jealousy
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