Eukaryotes Organelle
- Created by: N1ntendo-Sw1tch
- Created on: 26-02-23 16:04
View mindmap
- Eukaryotes Organelle
- Animal cell
- Cell Membrane
- separates cell from surrounding cells/tissue fluid
- allows different processes to occur in different organelle
- Nucleus
- contains DNA in the form of chromatin. chromatin is bound to proteins and used to code for other proteins
- Nuclear Pore
- gaps in the nuclear envelope that allows mRNA and ribosomes in and out the nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Inside the nucleus and contains DNA that codes for rRNA that codes for ribosomes and tRNA used in protein synthesis
- Nuclear Envelope
- Surrounds the nucleus and is a double membrane which separates the nucleus from cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Here respiration occurs and ATP is produced
- has a double membrane -inner membrane is folded to increase surface are
- the mitochondrial matrix is inside the inner membrane and contains enzymes, DNA filaments, granules, protein crystals, glycogen, and lipid
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- a series of membranes connected to the nuclear pore that form a transport system
- the fluid filled space inside the inner membrane is called the cisternae
- has ribosomes attached embedded in its membrane to carry out protein synthesis
- packages, stores and transports proteins
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Same as RER but doesn't have ribosomes
- synthesise lipids + steroids and then package them for transport
- Golgi Body
- modifies proteins and lipids from RER + ER and packages into secretory vesicles
- producing secretory vesicles containing hydrolytic /digestive enzymes and producing glycoproteins
- Secreting carbohydrates
- Centrioles
- organise the microtubules to form a spindle (during cell division)
- found just outside the nucleus and migrate to the poles of the cell during division
- lysosomes
- secretory vesicles pinched off from golgi body containing digestive enzymes
- Break down old organelles
- Digest material taken in by endocytosis
- Phagocytes engulf pathogens
- Some cells secrete the enzymes extracellularly to digest food externally
- Cell Membrane
- Plant cell
- has all the organelle from the animal cell but also has some extra organelle that the animal does not
- Cellulose Cell wall (chitin in fungi)
- high tensile strength as made of many cellulose molecules that join to form microfibrils that form fibres
- Can stretch so supports cell when vacuole becomes full and cell becomes turgid
- gaps between cellulose molecules that make the cell permeable and allow transport along the apoplast pathway
- Chloroplast
- Site of photosynthesis
- contains photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll to absorb light energy
- lots of thylakoids that contain pigments to trap light energy
- Vacuole
- Contains cell sap
- surrounded by its membrane the tonoplast
- Used for storage and support
- Plasmodesmata
- Gaps between the cell wall and the membrane between neighbouring cells
- Allows substances to pass through cells via symplast pathway
- Animal cell
Comments
No comments have yet been made