Epigenetic Control - Disease, Methylation, Acetylation
- Created by: EColi
- Created on: 03-03-17 16:45
View mindmap
- Epigenetic Control
- In Eukaryotes
- Attachment or removal of chemical groups
- DNA
- Histone proteins
- Epigenetic marks
- Attachment or removal of chemical groups
- DNA
- Histone proteins
- Don't alter base sequence
- Alter how easy it is for proteins needed for transcription to interact with DNA
- Attachment or removal of chemical groups
- Attachment or removal of chemical groups
- Changes
- Can be inherited by offspring
- Expression of some genes can be affected by environmental changes that affected ancestors
- Plants response to drought
- Changes can be reversed
- Acetylation
- Modifies Histone proteins
- COCH3 group
- When group is removed, Chromatin becomes highly condensed
- DNA strands harder to reach so less likely to be transcribed
- Acetyl group is removed by Histone deacetylase (HDAC)
- When acetylated (Group added) Chromatin becomes less condensed
- Chromatin = DNA + Histone protein
- DNA more exposed and therefore more likely to be transcribed
- Methylation
- Attaches to CpG site, which is between Cytosine and Guinine when they are next to eachother or a DNA strand, held by a phosphodiester bond
- Attaches to DNA coding for a gene
- DNA structure is changed so transcriptional machinery cannot interact
- Gene is therefore not expressed
- Methyl = CH3
- Disease and Epigenetics
- Fragile-X syndrome
- Duplication of FMR1
- CGG
- More CpG sites = Increased methylation so gene is switched off
- Protein that the gene would code for is not made
- Symptoms
- Characteristic physical features
- Behavioral and Learning difficulties
- Symptoms
- Protein that the gene would code for is not made
- More CpG sites = Increased methylation so gene is switched off
- CGG
- Duplication of FMR1
- Cancer
- Hypomethylation (Too little methylation)
- Hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes causes that to act as oncogenes
- Greater production of the proteins that encourage cell division
- Hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes causes that to act as oncogenes
- Hypermethylation (Too much methylation)
- Genes are not transcribed
- Proteins that slow cell division aren't made
- Cells divide uncontrolably
- Greater production of the proteins that encourage cell division
- Cells divide uncontrolably
- Proteins that slow cell division aren't made
- Genes are not transcribed
- Hypomethylation (Too little methylation)
- Fragile-X syndrome
- In Eukaryotes
Similar Biology resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made