Enzymes
Mindmap for revision of enzymes
- Created by: emily_w
- Created on: 06-04-14 12:08
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- Enzymes
- Conditions
- When conditions are not right for enzymes to function, they become denatured
- Denaturing can involve the amino acid chains unravelling and the shape of the active site changing
- Temperature
- Human enzymes work best at the body's core temperature of 37C.
- Enzymes become denatured above 40C
- If the body is too hot or too cold, it can cause heatstroke or hypothermia
- pH
- amino acid chains start to unravel if conditions are too acidic, or not acidic enough
- the ideal pH for enzymes vaires depending o their location. Stomach enzymes can function at a higher acidity than mouth enzymes.
- When conditions are not right for enzymes to function, they become denatured
- Types of enzymes
- Protease
- found in stomach and small intestine
- breaks down proteins into amino acids
- produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine
- Lipase
- breaks down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol
- Found in small intestine
- produced in pancreas and small intestine
- Amylase/ carbohydrase
- breaks carbohydrate down into sugar
- amylase is the catalyst
- found in the mouth/saliva
- produced in saliva glands
- Protease
- Industry
- biological detergents to remove organic stains from clothing
- do this by breaking down fats, proteins and carbohydrates in stains
- protease used in baby food to predigest food
- carbohydrases convert starch to sugar syrup, additive in food products
- Disadvantages
- expensive equipment to maintain right conditions
- pure enzymes are hard to produce
- specialised equipment to trigger reactions
- biological detergents to remove organic stains from clothing
- Structure
- "lock and key"
- substrate fits into active site so they bind together
- breaks up molecules for digestion
- substrate fits into active site so they bind together
- active site is made of chains of amino acids
- enzymes are proteins
- carry out reactions to keep body alive, also join amino acids together to make DNA
- "lock and key"
- Conditions
- carry out reactions to keep body alive, also join amino acids together to make DNA
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