Enzymes

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  • Created by: GraceLong
  • Created on: 01-05-16 13:37
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  • Enzymes
    • Lock and Key
      • Once the substrate molecule is attached, the active site turns it to product
      • Each enzyme has unique pattern of amino acids therefore they are all different shapes
      • The active site of an enzyme is a specific shape for a substrate molecule making it specific for a reaction
      • The enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key
    • Optimum conditions
      • As pH increases, the rate of reaction increases until it reaches the optimum pH. Above the optimum pH, the rate of reaction falls to zero and the enzymes don't catalyse
      • In an enzyme-catalysed reaction, substrate molecules are turned into product material
      • The proteins speed up reactions within many cells e.g. respiration
      • As the temperature increases from 0 the rate of reaction increases. At the optimum the rate of reaction reaches a maximum; after the optimum, the rate of reaction falls to zero
    • Denaturing
      • Extreme pH can distort the molecule and the substrate doesn't fit into the active site and the enzyme stops working
      • Denature can occur because of high temperatures - the enzyme gains energy, more collisions occur and above the optimum it denatures permanently
      • When the shape changes, it can no longer catalyse the reaction because the substrate doesn't fit into the active site

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