ecosystems rely on energy transfer

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  • Created by: rima
  • Created on: 13-03-14 20:40
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  • ecosystems rely on energy transfer
    • Producers and productivity
      • primary productivity
        • the rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules in an ecosystem
      • producers (autotrophs)
        • make their own organic molecules from inorganic molecules
        • e.g plants, algae and bacteria
    • photosynthesis
      • light dependent reactions
        • light absorbed by chloryphyl
        • light raises two electrons in the chlorophyl
        • electrons leave the excited chlorophyl
        • the electrons pass along the electron carrier molecules in an electron transport chain
        • energy lost from the electrons are used for ATP synthesis
          • photo phosphorylation
        • photolysis is where an enzyme splits water into:
          • hydrogen ions
          • electrons
          • oxygen gas
        • reduced NADP is formed from hydrogen ions and electrons
      • light independent reactions
        • calvin cycle
          • co2 combines with 5 carbon compound
          • 6 carbon compound breaks to 2 3 carbon compounds
          • 3 carbon compound is reduced to GALP
            • hydrogen is used for reduction
            • energy from ATP is used
          • some GALP is used to create carbohydrates
          • most of GALP are used to recreate RuBP
        • takes place in the stroma
        • ATP and NADP is used
    • Transfer of energy through an ecosystem
      • autotrophs
        • also known as producers
      • Hetrotrophs
        • primary consumers
          • Herbivores
          • Detritivores
            • feed on dead organic matter
        • secondary consumers
          • Carnivores
        • Tertiary consumers
          • top carnivores
        • Decomposers
          • feed on dead remains of organisms
      • energy transferred from producers to consumers
        • food chain
          • feeding relationships
          • trophic level
            • position a species occupies
        • food web
          • more complex feeding relationships
      • How efficient is the energy transfer
        • limiting factors
        • GPP - gross primary productivity
          • the rate at which energy is incorporated into organic molecules by an ecosystem
        • NPP - net primary productivity
          • the rate at which energy is transferred into organic molecules that make up the new plant biomass
        • NPP = GPP - R
      • Disappearing energy
        • producers to primary consumers
          • not all available food gets eaten
          • some energy is lost in faeces and urine
          • much energy is used in respiration
        • primary consumers to secondary consumers
          • is more efficient

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